Sources of variation in the birth weight of Ayrshire calves

Sources of variation in the birth weights of 225 single Ayrshire calves, born to regular cows (calving interval less than 15 months) in the dairy herd of the Viik Experimental Farm, were studied. The mean birth weight (35.2 kg) of 111 male calves was significantly (

Participatory operations model for cost-efficient monitoring and modeling of river basins — A systematic approach

AbstractThe worldwide economic downturn and the climate change in the beginning of 21st century have stressed the need for cost efficient and systematic operations model for the monitoring and management of surface waters. However, these processes are still all too fragmented and incapable to respond these challenges. For example in Finland, the estimation of the costs and benefits of planned management measures is insufficient. On this account, we present a new operations model to streamline these processes and to ensure the lucid decision making and the coherent implementation which facilitate the participation of public and all the involved stakeholders. The model was demonstrated in the real world management of a lake. The benefits, pitfalls and development needs were identified. After the demonstration, the operations model was put into operation and has been actively used in several other management projects throughout Finland

Patients with type 1 diabetes show signs of vascular dysfunction in response to multiple high-fat meals

Peer reviewe

Ayrshire-vasikoiden syntymäpainon vaihteluihin vaikuttavista tekijöistä

Sources of variation in the birth weights of 225 single Ayrshire calves, born to regular cows (calving interval less than 15 months) in the dairy herd of the Viik Experimental Farm, were studied. The mean birth weight (35.2 kg) of 111 male calves was significantly (PSyntymäpainon vaihteluihin vaikuttavia tekijöitä tutkittiin 56:n 2—8 kertaa perättäin säännöllisesti poikineen lehmän 225 yksinään syntynyttä, täysiaikaista, tervettä vasikkaa käsittävästä aineistosta, joka oli kerätty Viikin opetus- ja koetilan karjasta. 225:n vasikan syntymäpäino oli keskim. 34.6 kg, 111:n sonnivasikan keskim. 35.2 kg ja 114:n lehmävasikan keskim. 33.5 kg. Sukupuolien välinen painoero oli merkittävä (

Catchment and lake network modify export of anaerobic oxidation capacity in boreal freshwaters

Highlights • Catchment- and lake-specific regulation for fluxes of NO3, Fe, and SO4 • Seasonal events form lake-specific exports of NO3, Fe, and SO4. • Varying AOC export modifies system's ability to oxidize organic C. Abstract Anaerobic terminal electron acceptors (aTEAs, i.e. NO3, Fe, SO4) enable anaerobic respiration, and each has a specific ability to oxidize reduced compounds. However, little is known about how seasonal and lake-specific aTEA fluxes form anaerobic oxidation capacity (AOC) to oxidize organic carbon in boreal systems. We compiled 26 years of data from two interconnected semi-pristine boreal lakes and defined mean daily imports, pools, and exports of aTEAs. In both lakes, the export of NO3 formed 2 %–3 % of the total AOC in summer and autumn, and up to 11 % in winter and spring. In a predominantly monomictic humic lake surrounded by peatlands, Fe was responsible for 15 %–31 % of the seasonal export of AOC, with a large proportion of Fe originating from the lake bottom. A dimictic clear-water lake downstream retained Fe and exported 87 %–95 % of AOC as SO4. In the humic lake, the annual SO4:Fe:NO3 export ratio for AOC was 10:3:1 and in the clear-water lake 15:0.4:1. In the monomictic lake, exports were specifically regulated by stratification; in the dimictic lake, exports were more regulated by spring flooding and the ascending and descending side of the peak flood. These events modified lake dynamics and caused lake-specific NO3, Fe, and SO4 exports which continued for months. We conclude that a catchment and lake network can cause spatial and temporal variation in exports of NO3, Fe, and SO4 affecting AOC export. Such natural variations in exports have significant potential to modify the system's capacity to oxidize C and resist changes in oxidation-reduction reactions coupled to nutrient cycling and the formation of greenhouse gases in downstream water bodies

Toward Collective Ambidexterity in Public Sector Digital Initiatives: A Case of the Finnish Water Sector

The digital transformation era calls for digital innovations affecting the public sector, but such organizations often focus more on the efficiency and exploitation of current resources, ascribing less attention to explorative innovation. Innovation in new capabilities and technologies often require inter-organizational collaboration. In this context, public sector organizations do not operate in isolation—often engaging in interactions within their service sectors. While the contemporary literature on organizational ambidexterity primarily focuses on the balancing opportunities of a focal organization, radical sector-level development requires collaboration among various actors to achieve collective ambidexterity. Drawing on the research question of the influence of inter-organizational collaboration on the outcomes of digital initiatives, this exploratory case study on the Finnish water sector found that simultaneously operating modes of inter-organizational collaboration can facilitate different aspects of collective ambidexterity in an inter-organizational field and, consequently, the expected benefits from initiatives. Our theoretical contribution lies in demonstrating collaboration modes that can enhance specific aspects of collective ambidexterity. Accordingly, we suggest that collective ambidexterity through deliberately adopted modes of inter-organizational collaboration requires field-level facilitation in parallel with organizational ambidexterity. Furthermore, consequent practical implications for managing such collaborations are suggested for policymakers, interest groups, and the public sector.Godkänd;2024;Nivå 0;2024-01-16 (hanlid);Full text license: CC BY</p

Browning from headwaters to coastal areas in the boreal region: Trends and drivers

Highlights • 31-year TOC trends in streams, rivers, lakes, and coastal waters were examined. • Monotonic and non-linear trends in TOC were analyzed at 746 monitoring stations. • Browning progressed in all Finnish waterbody types from 1990 to 2020. • GAM analyses indicated stabilization of TOC concentrations at higher levels. • Increased temperatures and runoff, decreased SO4 deposition, peatlands, and ditching promote browning. Abstract Browning of freshwaters, mainly caused by increased terrestrial organic carbon loading, has been widely studied during the last decades. However, there are still uncertainties regarding both the extent of browning in different aquatic ecosystems and the actual importance of different driving forces and mechanisms. To refine understanding of the extent and causes of browning and its temporal variation, we gathered a comprehensive dataset including 746 Finnish water quality monitoring stations representing various waterbody types: streams, rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. Monotonic trend analyses revealed that TOC concentrations increased in all waterbody types during the study period from 1990 to 2020, whereas non-linear trends indicated that upward trends in TOC concentrations have substantially decreased since the mid-2000s. However, despite the upward trends levelling off, non-linear analyses also indicated decreases in TOC concentrations at only a few stations. As a result, the TOC contents of the majority of Finnish waterbody types in 2020 were at a higher level than in 1990. To examine the driving forces of increasing TOC concentrations, we selected 100 riverine catchments and linked the detected trends to 24 different drivers, including both hydrometeorological and catchment characteristics. The increased TOC concentrations in surface waters could be connected to diverse human impacts: hydrometeorological variables impacted by climate change, decreased acidic deposition, and land use in terms of peatland drainage. The importance of increased temperatures was emphasized, and its role as a driver of increased leaching of organic carbon in the forthcoming years is expected to grow with climate change