Obtención de shortenings cero-trans con alta estabilidad termo-oxidativa por transesterificación enzimática

Novel zero-trans frying shortenings were formed by enzymatic transesterification by exploring a palm stearin and canola oil mixture and stearic acid as substrates. Both immobilized (Novozym 435, Lipase PS “Amano” IM) and non-immobilized (Lipomod TM 34P) enzymes were applied as biocatalysts. Palmitic acid, the fatty acid which defines the proper type of crystal formation, was present at the 15% level in the reaction mixtures. The novel structured lipids had comparable physical properties and offered similar frying performance to those of commercial shortening. Needle-shaped crystals were predominant both in the transesterification products and the commercial frying shortening. Furthermore, solid fat content profiles of the zero-trans structured lipids produced by Novozym 435 and Lipase PS “Amano” IM were close to those of the commercial shortening.Los innovadores shortenings cero-trans para frituras se obtenían por transesterificación enzimática utilizando como sustratos una mezcla de estearina de palma con aceite de cánola y ácido esteárico. Tanto las enzimas inmovilizadas (Novozym 435, Lipase PS “Amano” IM) como las no inmovilizadas (Lipomod TM 34P) fueron aplicadas como biocatalizadores. El contenido de ácido palmítico, el ácido graso que define el tipo adecuado de formación cristalina, fue del 15% en las mezclas de reacción. Los lípidos estructurados innovadores tenían propiedades físicas comparables a los shortenings comerciales y estabilidad de oxidación térmica similar en proceso de fritura. Los cristales en forma de aguja predominaban tanto en los productos de transesterificación como en los shortenings para frituras disponible en el mercado. Además, los perfiles de contenido de grasa sólida de los lípidos estructurados cero trans producidos por Novozym 435 y Lipase PS “Amano” IM eran similares a los perfiles de los shortenings comerciales

21-(4-Methyl­phenyl­sulfon­yl)-4,7,13,16-tetra­oxa-1,10,21-triaza­bicyclo­[8.8.5]tricosane-19,23-dione: an N-tosyl­ated macrobicyclic dilactam

The macrobicyclic title compound, C23H35N3O8S, contains two tertiary amide bridgehead N atoms and a toluene­sulfonamide N atom in the center of the five-atom bridging strand. The mol­ecule has a central cavity that is defined by the 18-membered ring identified by the N2O4 donor atom set and two 15-membered rings with N3O2 donor atom sets. The toluene­sulfonamide N atom adopts an exo orientation with respect to the central cavity, and the tosyl group is oriented on one side of the aza-bridging strand that connects the bridgehead N atoms

Environmental variables, habitat discontinuity and life history shaping the genetic structure of Pomatoschistus marmoratus

Coastal lagoons are semi-isolated ecosystems exposed to wide fluctuations of environmental conditions and showing habitat fragmentation. These features may play an important role in separating species into different populations, even at small spatial scales. In this study, we evaluate the concordance between mitochondrial (previous published data) and nuclear data analyzing the genetic variability of Pomatoschistus marmoratus in five localities, inside and outside the Mar Menor coastal lagoon (SE Spain) using eight microsatellites. High genetic diversity and similar levels of allele richness were observed across all loci and localities, although significant genic and genotypic differentiation was found between populations inside and outside the lagoon. In contrast to the FST values obtained from previous mitochondrial DNA analyses (control region), the microsatellite data exhibited significant differentiation among samples inside the Mar Menor and between lagoonal and marine samples. This pattern was corroborated using Cavalli-Sforza genetic distances. The habitat fragmentation inside the coastal lagoon and among lagoon and marine localities could be acting as a barrier to gene flow and contributing to the observed genetic structure. Our results from generalized additive models point a significant link between extreme lagoonal environmental conditions (mainly maximum salinity) and P. marmoratus genetic composition. Thereby, these environmental features could be also acting on genetic structure of coastal lagoon populations of P. marmoratus favoring their genetic divergence. The mating strategy of P. marmoratus could be also influencing our results obtained from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Therefore, a special consideration must be done in the selection of the DNA markers depending on the reproductive strategy of the species

A multidisciplinary approach to identify priority areas for the monitoring of a vulnerable family of fishes in Spanish Marine National Parks

Background Syngnathid fishes (Actinopterygii, Syngnathidae) are flagship species strongly associated with seaweed and seagrass habitats. Seahorses and pipefishes are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic and environmental disturbances, but most species are currently Data Deficient according to the IUCN (2019), requiring more biological and ecological research. This study provides the first insights into syngnathid populations in the two marine Spanish National Parks (PNIA—Atlantic- and PNAC—Mediterranean). Fishes were collected periodically, marked, morphologically identified, analysed for size, weight, sex and sexual maturity, and sampled for stable isotope and genetic identification. Due the scarcity of previous information, habitat characteristics were also assessed in PNIA. Results Syngnathid diversity and abundance were low, with two species identified in PNIA (Hippocampus guttulatus and Syngnathus acus) and four in PNAC (S. abaster, S. acus, S. typhle and Nerophis maculatus). Syngnathids from both National Parks (NP) differed isotopically, with much lower δ15N in PNAC than in PNIA. The dominant species were S. abaster in PNAC and S. acus in PNIA. Syngnathids preferred less exposed sites in macroalgal assemblages in PNIA and Cymodocea meadows in PNAC. The occurrence of very large specimens, the absence of small-medium sizes and the isotopic comparison with a nearby population suggest that the population of Syngnathus acus (the dominant syngnathid in PNIA) mainly comprised breeders that migrate seasonally. Mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variants were detected for H. guttulatus, S. acus, and S. abaster, and a novel 16S rDNA haplotype was obtained in N. maculatus. Our data suggest the presence of a cryptic divergent mitochondrial lineage of Syngnathus abaster species in PNAC. Conclusions This is the first multidisciplinary approach to the study of syngnathids in Spanish marine NPs. Habitat preferences and population characteristics in both NPs differed. Further studies are needed to assess the occurrence of a species complex for S. abaster, discarding potential misidentifications of genus Syngnathus in PNAC, and evaluate migratory events in PNIA. We propose several preferential sites in both NPs for future monitoring of syngnathid populations and some recommendations for their conservation.Postprin

Sex- and age-related differences in the management and outcomes of chronic heart failure: an analysis of patients from the ESC HFA EORP Heart Failure Long-Term Registry

Aims: This study aimed to assess age- and sex-related differences in management and 1-year risk for all-cause mortality and hospitalization in chronic heart failure (HF) patients. Methods and results: Of 16 354 patients included in the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry, 9428 chronic HF patients were analysed [median age: 66 years; 28.5% women; mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 37%]. Rates of use of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) were high (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: 85.7%, 88.7% and 58.8%, respectively). Crude GDMT utilization rates were lower in women than in men (all differences: P\ua0 64 0.001), and GDMT use became lower with ageing in both sexes, at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Sex was not an independent predictor of GDMT prescription; however, age >75 years was a significant predictor of GDMT underutilization. Rates of all-cause mortality were lower in women than in men (7.1% vs. 8.7%; P\ua0=\ua00.015), as were rates of all-cause hospitalization (21.9% vs. 27.3%; P\ua075 years. Conclusions: There was a decline in GDMT use with advanced age in both sexes. Sex was not an independent predictor of GDMT or adverse outcomes. However, age >75 years independently predicted lower GDMT use and higher all-cause mortality in patients with LVEF 6445%

Association between loop diuretic dose changes and outcomes in chronic heart failure: observations from the ESC-EORP Heart Failure Long-Term Registry

[Abstract] Aims. Guidelines recommend down-titration of loop diuretics (LD) once euvolaemia is achieved. In outpatients with heart failure (HF), we investigated LD dose changes in daily cardiology practice, agreement with guideline recommendations, predictors of successful LD down-titration and association between dose changes and outcomes. Methods and results. We included 8130 HF patients from the ESC-EORP Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Among patients who had dose decreased, successful decrease was defined as the decrease not followed by death, HF hospitalization, New York Heart Association class deterioration, or subsequent increase in LD dose. Mean age was 66±13 years, 71% men, 62% HF with reduced ejection fraction, 19% HF with mid-range ejection fraction, 19% HF with preserved ejection fraction. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] LD dose was 40 (25–80) mg. LD dose was increased in 16%, decreased in 8.3% and unchanged in 76%. Median (IQR) follow-up was 372 (363–419) days. Diuretic dose increase (vs. no change) was associated with HF death [hazard ratio (HR) 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–2.08; P = 0.008] and nominally with cardiovascular death (HR 1.25, 95% CI 0.96–1.63; P = 0.103). Decrease of diuretic dose (vs. no change) was associated with nominally lower HF (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.33–1.07; P = 0.083) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.62 95% CI 0.38–1.00; P = 0.052). Among patients who had LD dose decreased, systolic blood pressure [odds ratio (OR) 1.11 per 10 mmHg increase, 95% CI 1.01–1.22; P = 0.032], and absence of (i) sleep apnoea (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.09–0.69; P = 0.008), (ii) peripheral congestion (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29–0.80; P = 0.005), and (iii) moderate/severe mitral regurgitation (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.37–0.87; P = 0.008) were independently associated with successful decrease. Conclusion. Diuretic dose was unchanged in 76% and decreased in 8.3% of outpatients with chronic HF. LD dose increase was associated with worse outcomes, while the LD dose decrease group showed a trend for better outcomes compared with the no-change group. Higher systolic blood pressure, and absence of (i) sleep apnoea, (ii) peripheral congestion, and (iii) moderate/severe mitral regurgitation were independently associated with successful dose decrease

Strong winds on Poland’s Baltic Sea Coast

In the analysis of strong and very strong winds on the Polish Baltic Sea Coast, there have been presented the data of the average wind speed and direction of the eight observation during the day from the years 1971-1990 with 4 stations. It has been shown greater share of strong and very strong wind in winter and early spring - mostly from land directions. There has been found a little variation in the frequency of strong wind during the day. Strong winds were reported in general for a short period - rarely mare than two consecutive measurements. The highest frequency of strong winds has been at Leba. It was found that the strong and very strong wind was most often during the NWC circulation, but isolated cases have been reported in all types of atmospheric circulation by Litynski. It was also shown that spatio-temporal variation of wind conditions due to the general atmospheric circulation, proximity to the Baltic and local factors

Decision support system for information systems security audit (WABSI) as a component of it infrastructure management

The paper presents the concepts and implementation of application for monitoring, analysis and reporting of enterprise information systems security. The purposes of the application are: comprehensive support for IT security administrator and auditors in checking information security and systems security levels, checking security policy implementation and compliance with security standards required by certificates and other regulations. The paper presents the requirements for the system, its architecture and implementation of particular components, evaluation of application and tests executed with regard to security standards. According to the authors, it is the IT management system which many organizations and solution providers lack. It results in that the effectiveness of the management of information security in these organizations may be less than expected

Proposition of an integrated geodetic monitoring system in the areas at risk of landslides

The sense of security is being mentioned as one of the most essential human needs. By talking about safety, we understand a lot of factors and aspects that considered together prove its multidimensionality. E.g., you can refer safety to issues such as globalization, demographic changes or functioning of state services. These are examples of issues which, by virtue of the changing conditions of people’s living in contemporary world, never lose their topicality. One from crucial „dimensions” of safety aspect is the spatial information, which is functioning in the world of ICT and modern technologies and is often called geoinformation. Almost all aspects of life of the contemporary man depend on it. This is because almost every object or phenomenon has its location in space and time. Without adequate spatial information it is difficult to imagine a state security, industry or citizens. For example, appropriately presented road networks, power transmission lines, or actually conducted analyses of the transport efficiency or range of phenomena, have a substantial impact on the effectiveness of the public services and the economy. They constitute also a main component of strategic and crisis management. Very important is e.g. a proper coordination of services ensuring public and property safety, in emergency situations of natural phenomena danger (such as floods, landslides) or coordination of the units responsible for country’s infrastructure

Interesterification of goose fat and rapeseed oil mixtures catalyzed by Rhizomucor Miehei lipase

Celem pracy była próba poprawy właściwości żywieniowych i funkcjonalnych tluszczu gęsiego na drodze przeestryfikowania enzymatycznego z olejem rzepakowym. Mieszaninę tłuszczu gęsiego i oleju rzepakowego o składzie wagowym 1:1 przeestryfikowano w obecności preparatu enzymatycznego Lipozyme RM IM. Reakcję prowadzono w 40o C przez 2, 4, 8 i 24 godziny. W mieszaninach przed i po przeestryfikowaniu oznaczano liczbę kwasową, zawartość frakcji polarnej, skład kwasów tłuszczowych i ich rozkład pomiędzy pozycje sn-1,3 i sn-2 triacylogliceroli. W wyniku przeestryfikowania stwierdzono wzrost zawartości wolnych kwasów tłuszczowych i frakcji polarnej. Zmodyfikowane triacyloglicerole tłuszczu gęsiego zostały wzbogacone w kwasy wielonienasycone (linolowy i linolenowy), natomiast charakteryzowały się obniżoną zawartością kwasu palmitynowego. Przeestryfikowanie z udziałem preparatu Lipozyme RM IM zachodziło w pozycjach zewnętrznych triacylogliceroli.The objective of this study was to improve nutritional and functional quality of goose fat by enzymatic interesterification with rapeseed oil. The goose fat and rapeseed oil mixtures (1:1 w/w) interesterification process was carried out for 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours, at 40o C, in the presence of enzymatic preparation Lipozyme RM IM. The following parameters were determined in the mixtures prior to and after the interesterification process accomplished: acid value, polar fraction content, fatty acids composition and the sn-2 and sn-1,3 distributions of fatty acids in the triacyglycerols. It was stated that interesterification process resulted in the increase in both the free fat acids content and polar fraction content. The interesterified lipids (TAG) were enriched by polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:2 and 18:3), however the palmitic acid decreased. Because of the positional specifity of the enzyme, interesterification occurred here only in sn- 1,3 positions of the triacylglycerols molecules