Olet mitä syöt? : Ruokakulttuurin ja elämäntyylimarkkinoinnin tarkastelua ruoka-aiheisessa aikakauslehdessä

Only abstract. Paper copies of master’s theses are listed in the Helka database (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Electronic copies of master’s theses are either available as open access or only on thesis terminals in the Helsinki University Library.Vain tiivistelmä. Sidottujen gradujen saatavuuden voit tarkistaa Helka-tietokannasta (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Digitaaliset gradut voivat olla luettavissa avoimesti verkossa tai rajoitetusti kirjaston opinnäytekioskeilla.Endast sammandrag. Inbundna avhandlingar kan sökas i Helka-databasen (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Elektroniska kopior av avhandlingar finns antingen öppet på nätet eller endast tillgängliga i bibliotekets avhandlingsterminaler.Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittää ruoan valintaan ja kulutukseen liittyviä merkityksiä ja elämäntyylimarkkinoinnin ilmenemismuotoja ruokaan keskittyvässä aikakauslehdessä. Varsinaisesti tutkimuksen kohteena on ollut Glorian ruoka&viini -lehden ”kauden menu” -juttusarjassa esiintyvät merkitykset ja elämäntyylimarkkinoinnin ilmenemismuodot. Tutkielmani ensimmäisenä tutkimuskysymyksenä on: minkälaisia merkityksiä ruokaan keskittyneessä aikakauslehdessä liitetään ruokaan ja sen kulutukseen. Tutkielmassa lähdetään liikkeelle ajatuksesta, että ruoan valintaan ja ruoan kulutukseen vaikuttavat kulttuuriset preferenssit, elämäntaparatkaisut ja sosiaaliset ja taloudelliset edellytykset. Tutkielmassa analysoidaan siis minkälaisia ruoan valintaan ja kulutukseen vaikuttavia kulttuurisia preferenssejä, elämäntaparatkaisuja ja sosiaalisia ja taloudellisia edellytyksiä Glorian ruoka&viini -lehden ”kauden menu” -jutuissa esiintyy. Tutkielmani toisena tutkimuskysymyksenä on: miten elämäntyylimarkkinointi ilmenee ruokaan keskittyneessä aikakauslehdessä. Lähtöoletuksenani on, että elämäntyylimerkitykset lehdissä ovat ainakin osittain tarkoituksenmukaisia eli ne voidaan tulkita elämäntyylimarkkinoinniksi. Elämäntyylimarkkinoinnin aikakauslehdessä tulkitaan koostuvan sekä tuotejulkisuudesta että unelmien luonnista ja kulutustarpeiden syntymisestä jutuissa esiintyvien merkitysten avulla. Aineistona on käytetty kymmentä Glorian ruoka&viini -lehden ”kauden menu” -juttua, jotka ovat analysoitu määrällisesti tuotejulkisuuden ilmentymiä laskemalla ja laadullisesti Barthesin analyysikehikkoon pohjautuvalla semioottisella analyysimenetelmällä. Aineiston analyysien perusteella Glorian ruoka&viini -lehden ”kauden menu” -jutuissa esiintyviä ruoan valintaan ja kulutukseen liittyviä merkityksiä ovat maun arvostus, nautinnon tärkeys, vaivannäön arvostus, tyylittelyn merkitys, raaka-aineiden arvostus, ruokakulttuurin säännönmukaisuus, sosiaalisuuden merkitys ja ruokatraditioiden merkitys. Jutuissa havaittiin runsaasti tuotejulkisuuden esiintymiä. ”Kauden menu” –juttujen analysoinnin perusteella on havaittavissa, että tuotejulkisuuden esiintymät, jutussa esiintyvät kulutukseen liittyvät positiiviset merkitykset ja jutussa esiintyvät ruokakulttuuriin liittyvät merkitykset liittyvät kaikki toisiinsa. Nämä kolme tekijää yhdessä ovat elämäntyylimarkkinoinnin ilmentymiä ruoka-aiheisessa aikakauslehdessä ja luovat yhdessä unelmia ja samalla synnyttävät kulutustarpeita.Liitteenä cd -lev

Rotation and torsion of the left ventricle with cardiovascular magnetic resonance tagging : comparison of two analysis methods

Abstract Background Left ventricle rotation and torsion are fundamental components of myocardial function, and several software packages have been developed for analysis of these components. The purpose of this study was to compare the suitability of two software packages with different technical principles for analysis of rotation and torsion of the left ventricle during systole. Methods A group of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients (N = 14, age 43 ± 11 years), mutation carriers without hypertrophy (N = 10, age 34 ± 13 years), and healthy relatives (N = 12, age 43 ± 17 years) underwent a cardiovascular magnetic resonance examination, including spatial modulation of magnetization tagging sequences in basal and apical planes of the left ventricle. The tagging images were analyzed offline using a harmonic phase image analysis method with Gabor filtering and a non-rigid registration-based free-form deformation technique. Left-ventricle rotation and torsion scores were obtained from end-diastole to end-systole with both software. Results Analysis was successful in all cases with both software applications. End-systolic torsion values between the study groups were not statistically different with either software. End-systolic apical rotation, end-systolic basal rotation, and end-systolic torsion were consistently higher when analyzed with non-rigid registration than with harmonic phase-based analysis (p <  0.0001). End-systolic rotation and torsion values had significant correlations between the two software (p <  0.0001), most significant in the apical plane. Conclusions When comparing absolute values of rotation and torsion between different individuals, software-specific reference values are required. Harmonic phase flow with Gabor filtering and non-rigid registration-based methods can both be used reliably in the analysis of systolic rotation and torsion patterns of the left ventricle

Rotation and torsion of the left ventricle with cardiovascular magnetic resonance tagging : comparison of two analysis methods

Background Left ventricle rotation and torsion are fundamental components of myocardial function, and several software packages have been developed for analysis of these components. The purpose of this study was to compare the suitability of two software packages with different technical principles for analysis of rotation and torsion of the left ventricle during systole. Methods A group of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients (N = 14, age 43 +/- 11 years), mutation carriers without hypertrophy (N = 10, age 34 +/- 13 years), and healthy relatives (N = 12, age 43 +/- 17 years) underwent a cardiovascular magnetic resonance examination, including spatial modulation of magnetization tagging sequences in basal and apical planes of the left ventricle. The tagging images were analyzed offline using a harmonic phase image analysis method with Gabor filtering and a non-rigid registration-based free-form deformation technique. Left-ventricle rotation and torsion scores were obtained from end-diastole to end-systole with both software. Results Analysis was successful in all cases with both software applications. End-systolic torsion values between the study groups were not statistically different with either software. End-systolic apical rotation, end-systolic basal rotation, and end-systolic torsion were consistently higher when analyzed with non-rigid registration than with harmonic phase-based analysis (p <0.0001). End-systolic rotation and torsion values had significant correlations between the two software (p <0.0001), most significant in the apical plane. Conclusions When comparing absolute values of rotation and torsion between different individuals, software-specific reference values are required. Harmonic phase flow with Gabor filtering and non-rigid registration-based methods can both be used reliably in the analysis of systolic rotation and torsion patterns of the left ventricle.Peer reviewe

CMR derived left ventricular septal convexity in carriers of the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-causing MYBPC3-Q1061X mutation

This manuscript has not been published before and is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere. Increased septal convexity of left ventricle has been described in subjects with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-causing mutations without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Our objective was to study septal convexity by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in subjects with the Finnish founder mutation Q1016X in the myosin-binding protein C gene (MYBPC3). Septal convexity was measured in end-diastolic 4-chamber CMR image in 67 study subjects (47 subjects with the MYBPC3-Q1061X mutation and 20 healthy relatives without the mutation). Septal convexity was significantly increased in subjects with the MYBPC3-Q1061X mutation and LVH (n = 32) compared to controls (11.4 +/- 4.3 vs 2.7 +/- 3.2 mm, P <0.001). In mutation carriers without LVH, there was a trend for increased septal convexity compared to controls (4.9 +/- 2.5 vs 2.7 +/- 3.2 mm, P = 0.074). When indexed for BSA, septal convexity in mutation carriers without LVH was 2.8 +/- 1.4 mm/m(2) and 1.5 +/- 1.6 mm/m(2) in controls (P = 0.036). In all mutation carriers, septal convexity correlated significantly with body surface area, age, maximal LV wall thickness, LV mass, and late gadolinium enhancement. Subjects with the MYBPC3-Q10961X mutation have increased septal convexity irrespective of the presence of LVH. Septal convexity appears to reflect septal remodeling, and could be useful in recognizing LVH negative mutation carriers.Peer reviewe

Novel electrocardiographic features in carriers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causing sarcomeric mutations

Objectives: The sensitivity and specificity of the conventional 12-lead ECG to identify carriers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) - causing mutations without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been limited. We assessed the ability of novel electrocardiographic parameters to improve the detection of HCM mutation carriers. Methods: We studied 140 carriers (G+) of the TPM7-Asp175Asn or MYBPC3-Glnl 061X pathogenic variants for HCM: The G+/LVH+ group (n = 98) consisted of mutation carriers with LVH and the G+/LVH- group (n = 42) without LVH. The control group consisted of 30 subjects. The standard 12-lead ECG was comprehensively analyzed and two novel ECG variables were introduced: RVlRV3 and septal remodeling. A subset of 65 individuals underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and 2D strain echocardiography. Results: Conventional major ECG criteria were sensitive (90%) and specific (97%) in identifying G+/LVH+ subjects. RV1RV3 and septal remodeling were more prevalent in the G+/LVH- subjects compared to the control group (33% vs 3%, p = 0.005 and 45% vs 3%, p <0.001, respectively). The combination of RVlRV3 and Q waves and repolarization abnormalities (QR) differentiated between the G+/LVH- subjects and the control group with a sensitivity of 52% and specificity of 97%. The combination of septa] remodeling and QR differentiated between G+/LVH- subjects and the control group with a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 97%. Conclusions: The novel ECG-parameters RVlRV3 and septal remodeling were effective in identifying G+/LVH-subjects and could be useful in the diagnostics of new suspected HCM patients and in the screening and follow-up of HCM families. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

VISA – Communication monitoring and assessment system of the Finnish Government : Government Communication Project 2007

Published by the Prime Minister's Office.Peer reviewe

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance of mitral valve length in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Background: Previous data suggest that mitral valve leaflets are elongated in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and mitral valve leaflet elongation may constitute a primary phenotypic expression of HCM. Our objective was to measure the length of mitral valve leaflets by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in subjects with HCM caused by a Finnish founder mutation in the myosin-binding protein C gene (MYBPC3-Q1061X), carriers of the same mutation without left ventricular hypertrophy, as well as in unselected consecutive patients with HCM, and respective controls. Methods: Anterior mitral valve leaflet (AML) and posterior mitral valve leaflet (PML) lengths were measured by CMR in 47 subjects with the Q1061X mutation in the gene encoding MYBPC3 and in 20 healthy relatives without the mutation. In addition, mitral valve leaflet lengths were measured by CMR in 80 consecutive non-genotyped patients with HCM in CMR and 71 age-and gender-matched healthy subjects. Results: Of the subjects with the MYBPC-Q1016X mutation, 32 had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH, LV maximal wall thickness >= 13 mm in CMR) and 15 had no hypertrophy. PML was longer in patients with the MYBPC3-Q1061X mutation and LVH than in controls of the MYBPC group (12.8 +/- 2.8 vs 10.6 +/- 1.9 mm, P = 0.013), but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant when PML was indexed for BSA (P = 0.066), or when PML length was adjusted for BSA, age, gender, LV mass and ejection fraction (P = 0.195). There was no significant difference in the PML length in mutation carriers without LVH and controls (11.1 +/- 3.4 vs 10.6 +/- 1.9, P = 0.52). We found no difference in AML lengths between the MYBPC mutation carriers with or without hypertrophy and controls. In 80 consecutive non-genotyped patients with HCM, there was no difference either in AML or PML lengths in subjects with HCM compared to respective control subjects. Conclusions: In subjects with HCM caused by the Q1061X mutation in the MYBPC3 gene, the posterior mitral valve leaflets may be elongated, but mitral valve elongation does not constitute primary phenotypic expression of the disease. Instead, elongated mitral valve leaflets seem to be associated with body size and left ventricular remodeling.Peer reviewe

Pain-coping scale for children and their parents : a cross-sectional study in children with musculoskeletal pain

BackgroundIn a chronic pain-causing disease such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, the quality of coping with pain is crucial. Parents have a substantial influence on their children's pain-coping strategies. This study aimed to develop scales for assessing parents' strategies for coping with their children's pain and a shorter improved scale for children usable in clinical practice.MethodsThe number of items in the Finnish version of the pain-coping questionnaire for children was reduced from 39 to 20. A corresponding reduced scale was created for parental use. We recruited consecutive patients from nine hospitals evenly distributed throughout Finland, aged 8-16 years who visited a paediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic and reported musculoskeletal pain during the past week. The patients and parents rated the child's pain on a visual analogue scale from 0 to 100 and completed pain-coping questionnaires and depression inventories. The selection process of pain questionnaire items was performed using factor analyses.ResultsThe average (standard deviation) age of the 130 patients was 13.0 (2.3) years; 91 (70%) were girls. Four factors were retained in the new, improved Pain-Coping Scales for children and parents. Both scales had 15 items with 2-5 items/factor. The goodness-of-fit statistics and Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients were satisfactory to good in both scaled. The criterion validity was acceptable as the demographic, disease related, and the depression and stress questionnaires correlated with the subscales.ConclusionsWe created a shorter, feasible pain-coping scale for children and a novel scale for caregivers. In clinical work, the pain coping scales may serve as a visualisation of different types of coping strategies for paediatric patients with pain and their parents and facilitate the identification of families in need of psychological support.Peer reviewe

Fibrosis and wall thickness affect ventricular repolarization dynamics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by ventricular repolarization abnormalities and risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Our aim was to study the association between the phenotype and ventricular repolarization dynamics in HCM patients. Methods Results HCM patients with either the MYBPC3-Q1061X or TPM1-D175N mutation (n = 46) and control subjects without mutation and hypertrophy (n = 35) were studied with 24-hr ambulatory ECG recordings by measuring time intervals of rate-adapted QT (QTe), maximal QT, and T-wave apex to wave end (TPE) intervals and the QTe/RR slope. Findings were correlated to specified echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) findings. Rate-adapted QTe interval was progressively longer in HCM patients with decreasing heart rates compared to control subjects (p = 0.020). The degree of hypertrophy correlated with measured QTe values. HCM patients with maximal wall thickness higher than the mean (20.6 mm) had longer maximum QTe and median TPE intervals compared to control subjects and HCM patients with milder hypertrophy (p p = 0.014, respectively). HCM patients with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on CMRI had steeper QTe/RR slopes compared to HCM patients without LGE and control subjects (p = 0.044 and p = 0.001, respectively). LGE was an independent predictor of QTe/RR slope (p = 0.023, B = 0.043). Conclusion Dynamics of ventricular repolarization in HCM are affected by hypertrophy and fibrosis. LGE may confer an independent effect on QT dynamics which may increase the arrhythmogenic potential in HCM.Peer reviewe