Enhanced IoT Wi-Fi protocol standard’s security using secure remote password

In the Internet of Things (IoT) environment, a network of devices is connected to exchange information to perform a specific task. Wi-Fi technology plays a significant role in IoT based applications. Most of the Wi-Fi-based IoT devices are manufactured without proper security protocols. Consequently, the low-security model makes the IoT devices vulnerable to intermediate attacks. The attacker can quickly target a vulnerable IoT device and breaches that vulnerable device's connected network devices. So, this research suggests a password protection based security solution to enhance Wi-Fi-based IoT network security. This password protection approach utilizes the secure remote password protocol (SRPP) in Wi-Fi network protocols to avoid brute force attack and dictionary attack in Wi-Fi-based IoT applications. The performance of the IoT security solution is implemented and evaluated in the GNS3 simulator. The simulation analysis report shows that the suggested password protection approach supports scalability, integrity and data protection against intermediate attacks

SS-FD: Internet of medical things based patient health monitoring system

Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) consists of connected devices used to collect patient health information in a real-time environment. The IoMT device effectively handles medical issues by using health wearable and medical-grade wearables. Although IoMT can process the collected data, it has few pitfalls, such as interoperability of data, standardization issues, and computation complexity while detecting disease. By considering these issues, in this work, IoMT is utilized in the field of the remote patient monitoring system. Initially, the IoMT devices are placed on the human body and collect their health information continuously. The gathered details are processed using a salp swarm optimized fuzzy deep neural network (SS-FD). This system supports the patient health monitoring process with minimum low-cost consumption. The SS-FD classifier processes the obtained data; primary and emergency data is classified according to the fuzzy rule. This process improves the remote patient health data analysis and reduces the difficulties involved in the patient health analysis. Then the efficiency of the system is evaluated using experimental result

Shape-Shifter

Tarish Pipkins’s early experiences with the “shape-shifting beast” of racism as he grew up near Pittsburgh, and later his growing awareness of African American history, have influenced his poetry, visual art, and puppetry: a “weapon of mass destruction to fight the beast.” His work with puppets and special-needs children led him to create larger puppet productions such as Just Another Lynching and 5P1N0K10: The Android Who Wants to be Real b boy, which allow him to “[fight] back using puppets as my swords.”https://opencommons.uconn.edu/ballinst_catalogues/1009/thumbnail.jp

Changes in the hematological profile among workers at patrol stations in Babil Province/Iraq

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

BEST CO-APPROXIMATIONANDBESTSIMULTANEOUS CO-APPROXIMATION ININTUITIONISTIC FUZZY NORMED LINEARSPACES

The main purpose of this paper is to study the t-best co-approximation and t-best simultaneous co-approximation in  intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces. We develop the theory of t-best co-approximation and t-best simultaneous co-approximation in quotient spaces. This new concept is employed  by us to improve various characterisations of t-co-proximinal and t-co-Chebyshev sets                                                                                                                                     

The Extreme Downflow in the Umbral Light Bridge of the sunspot

Sunspots are the most readily visible manifestations of the interaction of the solar magnetic field with the solar atmosphere and the most prominent tracers of solar magnetic activity. Results of the recent studies based on observation from Hinoddetectedthe presence of extremedownflows in a sunspot light bridgeup to 7.2 kms-1 which is exceed the speed of sound in solar photosphere of about 6 kms-1. The convective downflows and upflows are associated with a strong horizontal outflow directed radially outwards from the sunspot centre. These horizontal flows constitute the famous and mysterious Evershed effect. In the present paperwe studied the asymmetries and wavelength shifts of the FeI lines at 630.25 nm to detect the exiting of the extreme downflows in the sunspot light bridge. Our analysis reveals the presence of extreme downflows in the umbra light bridge of the sunspot of more than 10 km s-1

Study of the mechanisms behind the additive effect of neoadjuvant castration on radiotherapy for prostate cancer

Castration improves responses to radiotherapy (RT) in prostate cancer with unknown mechanism. An understanding of what happens at the cellular and molecular level in prostate cancer cells, while reducing their access to androgens and then exposing them to ionizing radiation (IR), would give us an opportunity to optimize the treatment and may also inspire novel therapeutic approaches. Paper I: Growth of solid tumours such as prostate cancer is characterized by neovascularization and increased glycolysis as a result of the hypoxic microenvironment of the tumour. HIF-1α is an important transcription factor that regulates cell adaptation to hypoxia and transcription of genes involved in angiogenesis, cell survival, glucose metabolism, and tumour invasion. To test whether any connection between castration therapy and intra-tumoural hypoxia, measured by HIF-1α expression, prostate biopsy specimens from 14 patients with prostate cancer were investigated. Downregulation of HIF- 1α expression after castration was observed in five patients with initial high HIF-1α expression. HIF-1α expression was also reduced in two of three patients with initial low HIF-1α expression. These data suggest that neoadjuvant castration reduces tumour cell hypoxia in prostate cancer, which may contribute to the increased radiosensitivity after castration. Paper II: We investigated whether castration impairs non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by downregulation of Ku70 expression. The same cohort of patients used in paper I was analysed. After castration, the nuclear Ku70 levels were reduced in 12 patients (levels varied from 43% to 97% after castration, p <0.001). The reduction in Ku70 expression correlated significantly with the decrease of serum PSA level after castration, suggesting that AR activity regulates Ku70 protein levels in prostate cancer tissue. Our conclusion was that castration results in decreased levels of Ku70 protein. Since Ku70 protein is necessary for NHEJ repair of DSBs, a downregulation of DNA repair leads to increased radiosensitivity. Paper III: Emerging data demonstrate homologous recombination (HR) defects in castration resistant malignant prostate tumours, rendering these sensitive to PARP inhibitor treatments. Here, we demonstrate a direct link between the androgen receptor (AR) being required for maintenance of HR gene expression and activity in prostate cancer cells, as well as in maintenance of DNA damage response signalling. As a consequence, we show PARP-mediated backup repair pathway is upregulated in prostate cancer tissues in patients following androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Furthermore, upregulation of PARP activity is essential for prostate cancer survival, and we demonstrate a synthetic lethality between ADT and PARP inhibitors in vivo. These data demonstrate that HR may be functionally impaired earlier in prostate cancer etiology as a consequence of ADT; prior to emerging castration resistance and that this potentially can be exploited therapeutically using PARP inhibitors in combination with an ADT upfront in advanced or high risk prostate cancer. Paper IV: Since castration improves responses to radiotherapy (RT) in prostate cancer, we hypothesized that this radiosensitization is caused by castration-mediated down-regulation of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). To test this, forty-eight patients with localized prostate cancer were enrolled in two arms, either treating with RT upfront or after receiving neo-adjuvant castration. We biopsied patients at diagnosis, before and after castration and RT treatments to monitor androgen receptor (AR), NHEJ and DSB repair in verified cancer tissue. We show that patients receiving neoadjuvant castration prior to RT had reduced levels of the NHEJ protein Ku70, impaired RTinduced NHEJ activity and a higher level of unrepaired DSBs, measured by γ-H2AX foci in cancer tissues. This study demonstrates that castration impairs NHEJ activity in prostate cancer tissue, explaining improved RT responses in tumours. Paper V: Despite the early diagnosis and subsequently effective treatment of intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer, the recurrence rate remains regrettably high. Here, we wanted to investigate how effectively castration suppresses androgen receptor (AR) signalling, thereby affecting DNA damage repair in primary hormone-naïve prostate cancer. From the same cohort of patients as in Paper IV, four patients from arm 1 and one patient from arm 2 were analysed. The levels of AR, Ku70, phosphorylated DNA-PKcs and PAR were measured. A significant correlated reduction in the mean intensity of nuclear AR was observed in four patients whose serum PSA was reduced to the greatest extent, about 90% (ρ=1, p <0.001). Although complete castration was obtained using serum testosterone levels in these patients, the levels of AR, and consequently of Ku70 and phosphorylated DNAPKcs remained high and positively co-varied in clusters of cells throughout prostate tumour areas. Meanwhile, a tendency towards an inverse correlation was observed between AR, Ku70 and phosphorylated DNA-PKcs as compared with PARP-1 activity. In conclusion, we are first to demonstrate the heterogeneous landscape of AR and the consequent divergent although co-varied response of DNA damage repair. To date, it remains unclear whether the emergence of these castration-resistant cells in hormone-naïve prostate cancer, is due to the high levels of intra-tumoural residual androgen following castration and consequently suboptimal androgen suppression of otherwise androgen-dependent cells or caused by quiescent castration-resistant cells that promote progression according to clonal selection pressure. The current finding certainly warrants further investigation in the future

A Corpus Analysis of Changes in the Use of British and American English Modals and Semi-Modals

This research has two main purposes. The first one is to test the modal replacement hypothesis proposed by Smith (2003) and discussed by Leech (2003), on the basis of data from the Hansard Corpus (THC- 1.6 billion words, 1800-2000) and the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA - 400 million words, 1810-2000). The second purpose of the study was to draw upon time series models to generate insights about how modal and semi-modal frequencies have changed over time. Cumulatively, these two forms of analysis addressed an acknowledged gap in the current literature on modal and semi-modal frequency change, namely the question of whether modals are being replaced by semi-modals

General Control Nonderepressible 2 and ATF4 Direct Liver Genes during Asparaginase Treatment in Mice

Asparaginase (ASNase) treatment results in the synthesis of some factors such as ATF4. The eIF2-ATF4 pathway is essential for cell survival during amino acid starvation conditions. Activation of the AAR in the liver requires the eIF2 kinase called general control nonderepressible 2 kinase (GCN2). To what extent activation of the GCN2-eIF2-AAR is mediated by ATF4 is unknown. Our objective and hypothesis are addressed in our aim to describe the liver response to ASNase in mice deleted for Atf4. RNA sequencing alongside complementary biochemical approaches was performed in the livers of mice treated with eight daily injections of ASNase or saline excipient. Cellular pathways examined in detail included the AAR. We discovered that global hepatic gene expression patterns in Atf4 knockout mice overlapped with Gcn2 knockout mice. Shared hepatic pathways or processes altered during ASNase included mTOR signaling, and xenobiotic metabolism. On the other hand, loss of Atf4 during ASNase uniquely altered gene expression signatures reflecting signaling via eIF2 and ER stress. This research provides insight into the importance of genetic background of patients in choosing ASNase as a treatmen