118 research outputs found
Study of strange quark density fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions at = 7.7-200 GeV from AMPT Model
The strangeness production is an important observable to study the QCD phase
diagram. The yield ratios of strange quark can be helpful to search for the QCD
critical point and/or first order phase transition. In this work, we studied
the production of , , and in Au+Au collisions at = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27,
39, 54.4, 62.4 and 200 GeV from A Multi-Phase Transport model with string
melting version (AMPT-SM). We calculated the invariant yield of these strange
hadrons using a different set of parameters reported in earlier studies and
also by varying the hadronic cascade time () in the AMPT-SM model. We
also calculated the yield ratios, which are sensitive to the strange quark
density fluctuations and found that the AMPT-SM model fails to describe the
non-monotonic trend observed by the STAR experiment. The negative particle
ratio are found to be higher than the ratio of positive particles which is
consistent with the experimental data. A significant effect is also seen on
these ratios by varying the . This study based on the transport model
can be helpful to provide possible constraints as well as reference for the
search of CEP in future heavy-ion experiments. Our findings suggest that the
ongoing Beam Energy Scan program at RHIC and the future heavy-ion experiments
will be able to find/locate the possible CEP in the QCD phase diagram which
results large quark density fluctuations.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
From tradition to simulation: An experience of team training on management of shoulder dystocia
Objective: To determine if simulation-based team training improves the management of shoulder dystocia compared to traditionally taught obstetrical emergencies. Methods: The prospective mixed-method study was conducted at the Centre for Innovation in Medical Education at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, from June to August 2018, and comprised doctors and nurses having up to five years of labour and delivery experience. The subjects were divided into two equal groups which were further subdivided into four equal teams. Group 1 was taught to manage shoulder dystocia using traditional lectures and hands-on pelvic models, while group 2 was trained in a simulated environment with a simulated scenario of shoulder dystocia. After two weeks, the performance of both teams were assessed and compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 19. A focus group discussion was subsequently conducted on the quality of the simulation experience.Results: Of the 32 subjects, 16(50%) each were doctors and nurses. They were divided into groups having 16(50%) members each, and each group had 4 teams having 4(25%) subjects. The overall mean age of the sample was 31.9±2.8 years (range: 28-38 years). The mean score for performance on technical and communication task of group 2 was 10.25±1.258 compared to 5.7±2.500 in group 1 (p=0.028). Focus group participants agreed that training in a simulated environment was far superior than being traditionally taught.Conclusions: Simulation-based team training in shoulder dystocia management was associated with better feedback than traditional-style teaching
Analysis of final state lepton polarization-dependent observables in in the SM at loop level
Recently, the CMS and ATLAS collaborations have announced the results for
with or ,
where is a sub-process of . This semi-leptonic Higgs decay receives loop induced resonant
as well as non-resonant
contributions as discussed in. To probe further features coming from these
contributions to , we suggest that the
polarization of the final state lepton is an important parameter. We show that
the resonant and non-resonant cross-terms play an important role when the
polarization of final state lepton is taken into account, which is negligible
in the case of un-polarized leptons. For this purpose, we have calculated the
polarized decay rates and the longitudinal, normal and transverse polarization
asymmetries. We find that these asymmetries purely come from the loop
contributions and are helpful to further investigate the resonant and
non-resonant nature of
decay. We observe that for , the longitudinal decay rate is highly
suppressed around GeV when the final lepton spin is
, dramatically increasing the corresponding lepton polarization
asymmetries. Furthermore, we analyze another clean observable, the ratio of
decay rates , , where
and refer to different final state lepton generations.
Therefore, the precise measurements of these observables at CMS and ATLAS can
provide a fertile ground to test not only the Standard Model (SM) but also to
examine the signatures of possible new physics (NP) beyond the SM.Comment: 28 pages, 7 figure
Role of Influencer Marketing in Promoting Financial Products in the Banking Sector of Pakistan
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of influencer marketing in promoting financial products in the banking sector of Pakistan and also to identify the factors through which banks are successfully implementing influencer marketing. Research Design: In this study, the researcher adopted quantitative research design, and all the data were collected through survey questionnaires using five-point Liker scale, and a sample of 300 consumers were selected in Pakistan. The collected data analysed by the researcher through Frequency analysis and Correlation analysis. In addition to this, as the researcher employed the instrument of questionnaire, thereby, to check the reliability of the instrument, the reliably testing was done, and the instrument was found to be reliable. Findings: It was found in the study that there was strong relationship between the influencer marketing and promotion of financial products. The study has found that customer reach, customer preference and engagement, shareable content and promotional tools are the factors through which banks are practising influencer marketing. Besides, it was further analysed that on the promotion of financial products in Pakistani banking sector. Limitations: The main limitation of the study is that this study specifically focused on the banking sector of Pakistan, which means the findings of the study is limited to the banking sector of Pakistan only. Besides, there had been limited knowledge possessed by respondents despite the awareness of the topic as they were all consumers, and not bank managers or experts, so future studies can be conducted among bank managers or field experts.      Keywords: Digital Marketing, Influencer Marketing, Customer Engagement, Financial Products, Banking, Pakistan DOI: 10.7176/JMCR/68-06 Publication date:June 30th 202
Knowledge about osteoporosis among healthy women attending a tertiary care hospital
INTRODUCTION: To determinate the knowledge on osteoporosis-risk factors and disease in three age groups of Pakistani women.METHODS: In this exploratory cross-sectional study, an osteoporosis knowledge assessment questionnaire (OKAT) was used to collect data and it was delivered through a face-to-face interview. Questions were asked about symptoms of osteoporosis, knowledge of risk factors, preventive factors and treatment. A convenience sample (n =320) comprising of three groups of healthy women aged 25-35 years, 36-45 years, and over 45 years was taken. The scoring range was 0 to 20. Among-group comparisions of means were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. To determine the overall influence of osteoporosis-risk factors, the multivariate analysis was used.RESULTS: The knowledge on osteoporosis in younger women was very poor compared to relatively older females. However, women belonging to higher socioeconomic status and better education had slightly more knowledge about osteoporosis compared to those with a low education level, regardless of age.CONCLUSION: The majority of women had modest knowledge on osteoporosis. Younger women were at increased risk for low bone mass and premature osteoporosis
Effect of hadronic cascade time on freeze-out properties of Identified Hadrons in Au+Au Collisions at = 7.7-39 GeV from AMPT Model
We report the transverse momentum spectra of identified hadrons
(, and ) in Au+Au collisions at =
7.7 - 39 GeV from A Multi Phase Transport Model with string melting effect
(AMPT-SM). During this study, a new set of parameters are explored to study the
effect of hadronic cascade by varying hadronic cascade time = 30
m/ and 0.4 m/. No significant effect of this change is observed in
the spectra of light hadrons and the AMPT-SM model reasonably reproduces
the experimental data. To investigate the kinetic freeze-out properties the
blast wave fit is performed to the spectra and it is found that the blast
wave model describes the AMPT-SM simulations well. We additionally observe that
the kinetic freeze-out temperature () increases from central to
peripheral collisions, which is consistent with the argument of short-lived
fireball in peripheral collisions. Whereas the transverse flow velocity,
shows a decreasing trend from central to peripheral collisions
indicating a more rapid expansion in the central collisions. Both, $T_{kin}$
and show a weak dependence on the collision energy at most
energies. We also observe a strong anti-correlation between and
. The extracted freeze-out parameters from the AMPT-SM simulations
agree with the experimental data as opposed to earlier studies that reported
some discrepancies. Whereas, no significant effect is found on the freeze-out
parameters by varying the . We also report the spectra of light
hadrons and their freeze-out parameters by AMPT-SM simulations at
= 14.5 GeV, where no experimental data is available for
comparison. Overall, the set of parameters used in this study well describes
the experimental data at BES energies.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 2 table
Study of Baryon number transport using model simulations in collisions at LHC Energies
We report on the excitation function of anti-baryon to baryon ratios
(, {\alam /\lam} and {\axi / \xim}) in collisions at
{\sqrts} = 0.9, 2.76, 7 TeV from DPMJET-III, Pythia~8, EPOS~1.99, and EPOS-LHC
model simulations. To study the predictions of these models at {\sqrts} = 13.6
TeV. The anti-baryon to baryon ratios are extremely important for the study of
baryon number transport mechanisms. These ratios help determine the carriers of
the baryon number and in the extraction of baryon structure information. Even
though all models show a good agreement between model simulations and data, the
ratios extracted from DPMJET-III model closely describes data at all energies.
It is observed that these ratios converge to unity for various model
predictions. This convergence also indicates that the anti-baryon to baryon
ratios follow the mass hierarchy, such that the hyperon specie containing more
strange quarks ({\alam /\lam} and {\axi / \xim}) approaches unity faster than
specie containing fewer strange quarks (). It is also observed
that the ratio approaches unity more rapidly with the increase
in {\sqrts} energy. At lower energies we observe an excess production of
baryons over anti-baryons. However, this effect vanishes at higher energies due
to the baryon-anti-baryon pair production and the baryon-anti-baryon yield
becomes equal. Using model simulations, we additionally compute the asymmetry,
(A\equiv\frac{N_{p}-N_{\bar{p}}}N_{p}+N_{\bar{p}}}) for protons. The
asymmetry shows a decreasing trend with increase in energy from 0.9 to 7 TeV
for all energies. This asymmetry trend is confirmed by model predictions at
{\sqrts} = 13.6 TeV which will help to put possible constraints on model
calculations at {\sqrts} = 13.6 TeV once the Run-III data for LHC becomes
available.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 2 table
Sentinel node localisation using pre-operative lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative gamma probe in early oral cavity cancer
Objectives: To assess the diagnostic value of sentinel lymph node localisation using pre-operative lymphoscintigraphy and intra-operative gamma probe radio localisation in Pakistani patients suffering from early stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.Methods: The prospective case series was conducted between September 2007 and April 2010 at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. It comprised patients with T1and T2 oral cavity cancer with clinically and radiologically negative neck. Pre-operative lymphoscintigraphy was performed one day before surgery and intra-operative gamma probe was used to detect sentinel node. Final histo-pathological evaluation was taken as the gold standard.Results: The study comprised 42 patients: 32(76%) males and 10(24%) females. The primary tumour site was buccal mucosa in 25 (60%) patients, and tongue in 17 (40%). Sentinel lymph node was detected in 38 (90%) patients.On final histopathological identification, 7 (17%) patients had cancer in the neck nodes. In all patients with metastasis, sentinel lymph node technique correctly identified the involved neck level. None of the patients revealed metastasis in non-sentinel lymph nodes.Conclusion: Evidence suggested the use of sentinel node biopsy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Performance analysis of content discovery for ad-hoc tactile networks
Tactile Internet evolves communications to encompass sensory information such as smell and haptic sensations combining ultra-low latency with extremely high availability, reliability, and security. Tactile Internet is realized through underpinning technologies such as Multi-access Edge and Fog computing which facilitate decentralized infrastructures and machine to machine (M2M) communications. Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) form the foundation layer of such infrastructures, enabling direct communication between autonomous and decentralized devices such as sensors and vehicles. Among other applications, autonomous ad hoc vehicular networks (VANETs) and vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications require efficient content discovery and quality of data transfer. The mobility patterns of vehicles within this communication model could effect the quality of data exchanged between devices in a tactile network. Several mobility models exist describing mobility patterns of mobile users in MANETs. In this paper, we present a first performance study to evaluate the impact of different mobility models on content discovery techniques for tactile Internet comprising of fast-moving vehicles and devices. This study combines direct and derived mobility metrics evaluating impact on content discovery and content dissemination using NS-3. Our simulation results indicate that unstructured techniques may not scale well within a tactile network of fast moving vehicles while maintaining low latency and could suffer from performance degradation in a saturated environment. Furthermore, simulation results also demonstrate the resilience of the unstructured content discovery protocol in mobility scenarios with proactive routing and diverse behavior
Outbreak of dengue fever in Karachi 2006: a clinical perspective
OBJECTIVE: This study reports clinical manifestations and spectrum of severity of dengue fever (DF), dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) in adult patients admitted during 2006 outbreak in Karachi. A rough estimation of cost of care was also calculated.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi from January to December 2006. Patients suspected of having DF with positive dengue IgM antibodies were included and records were reviewed. Patients were divided into DF, DHF and DSS as per WHO classification, and the severity of clinical manifestations was determined.
RESULTS: A total of 278 (65.72%) of 423 patients admitted with suspected dengue illness had positive IgM titer. Mean age was 31 +/- 12.9 years, with 168 (60%) males and 110 (40%) females. Common presenting symptoms were fever (100%), vomiting (78%), epigastric pain (52%), bleeding tendencies (34%), and erythematous rash (33%). Thrombocytopenia (60%), Leucopenia (45%), elevated transaminases (ALT 71%; AST 88%), and deranged PT (22%) and aPTT (75%) were the predominant. Laboratory parameters: DF was diagnosed in 169 (61%) patients, 82 (29%) were classified as DHF, and 27 (10%) as DSS. Patients with DHF/DSS were younger (n=60, 55%) and had longer hospital stay (p=0.001). Case fatality rate for DHF/DSS group was 4.6%.
CONCLUSION: It was estimated that endemicity of DF is on the rise in Karachi and a significant proportion of patients had DHF and DSS. Younger patients develop DHF and DSS and have high case fatality rate
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