Sooty Mangabey Genome Sequence Provides Insight into AIDS Resistance in a Natural SIV Host

In contrast to infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in humans and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in macaques, SIV infection of a natural host, sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys), is non-pathogenic despite high viraemia. Here we sequenced and assembled the genome of a captive sooty mangabey. We conducted genome-wide comparative analyses of transcript assemblies from C. atys and AIDS-susceptible species, such as humans and macaques, to identify candidates for host genetic factors that influence susceptibility. We identified several immune-related genes in the genome of C. atys that show substantial sequence divergence from macaques or humans. One of these sequence divergences, a C-terminal frameshift in the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) gene of C. atys, is associated with a blunted in vitro response to TLR-4 ligands. In addition, we found a major structural change in exons 3-4 of the immune-regulatory protein intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM-2); expression of this variant leads to reduced cell surface expression of ICAM-2. These data provide a resource for comparative genomic studies of HIV and/or SIV pathogenesis and may help to elucidate the mechanisms by which SIV-infected sooty mangabeys avoid AIDS

Tumour seeding in the tract of percutaneous renal tumour biopsy: A report on seven cases from a UK tertiary referral centre

The role of percutaneous renal tumour biopsy (RTB) in the management of radiological indeterminate renal masses is long established. Patients with small renal masses who have biopsy-proven renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may be offered surgery, ablative therapy, or active surveillance, and RTB can provide diagnostic tissue from patients with metastatic disease who might benefit from systemic therapy. Current guidelines suggest that tumour seeding along the needle tract is anecdotal, but several cases have been reported recently, although some have been associated with lack of a coaxial sheath. We report on seven patients who underwent surgical resection of RCC in our tertiary referral institution following diagnostic RTB between 2014 and 2017 for whom RTB tract seeding by tumour was identified on histological examination of the resection specimen. One of these patients subsequently developed local tumour recurrence at the site of the previous biopsy

Tumour seeding in the tract of percutaneous renal tumour biopsy: A report on seven cases from a UK tertiary referral centre

The role of percutaneous renal tumour biopsy (RTB) in the management of radiological indeterminate renal masses is long established. Patients with small renal masses who have biopsy-proven renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may be offered surgery, ablative therapy, or active surveillance, and RTB can provide diagnostic tissue from patients with metastatic disease who might benefit from systemic therapy. Current guidelines suggest that tumour seeding along the needle tract is anecdotal, but several cases have been reported recently, although some have been associated with lack of a coaxial sheath. We report on seven patients who underwent surgical resection of RCC in our tertiary referral institution following diagnostic RTB between 2014 and 2017 for whom RTB tract seeding by tumour was identified on histological examination of the resection specimen. One of these patients subsequently developed local tumour recurrence at the site of the previous biopsy

Tumour seeding of the renal tumour biopsy tract - a histologically under-recognised feature?

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence is rising, partly due to incidental detection during imaging performed for other diseases.1 Image-guided, percutaneous renal tumour biopsy (RTB) enables histological classification of small renal masses (< 4 cm), facilitating management decisions, and confirmation of RCC in patients with disseminated disease who might benefit from systemic therapy