Calidad de vida de los adultos mayores con discapacidad auditiva asegurados a essalud - ipress clínica pro-vida del distrito de magdalena del mar – Lima

Esta investigación tiene por objetivo diagnosticar el nivel de calidad de vida que perciben los adultos con discapacidad auditiva asegurados a Essalud - Ipress Clínica Pro-Vida del distrito de Magdalena del Mar”. La muestra fue constituida por 44 usuarios de un total de 100 usuarios. El diseño de investigación es no experimental – descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo transversal.The objective of this research is to determine the level of quality of life perceived by senior citizens with hearing impairment insured to Essalud - Ipress Clínica Pro-Vida of Magdalena del Mar district. The sample consisted of 44 users out of a total population of 100. The research design is non-experimental - descriptive with a transversal quantitative approach

Control de Sitophilus zeamais con polvos vegetales de tres especies del género Chenopodium

Powders of Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Chenopodium album L. and Chenopodium quinoa Willd. were evaluated under laboratory conditions for Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky control. Evaluated parameters were insect mortality and adult emergence, grain weight loss, grain germination and the following effects of powders: ovicide and larvicide, fumigant, repellent and residual. A completely randomized experimental design with factorial arrangement and three replicates was used. The highest levels of insect mortality were obtained with the powders of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. inflorescence and the mixture of leaves and stems at 2% (w/w), with values of 69.4% and 67.9% respectively. Best emergence reductions were obtained with the same treatments. In all treatments with powders of C. ambrosioides seeds weight were reduced in less than 3%. The residual effect lasted for 15 days, obtaining a mortality of 98.3% of adult insects, when powders of C. ambrosioides inflorescence were used at 2% (w/w) concentration. Powders of C. ambrosioides showed a mortality of 100% of eggs and larvae, and a fumigation effect against adult insects with a mortality of 100% in all treatments was evaluated. Powders of C. ambrosioides have a repellent effect for S. zeamais.Powders of Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Chenopodium album L. and Chenopodium quinoa Willd. were evaluated under laboratory conditions for Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky control. Evaluated parameters were insect mortality and adult emergence, grain weight loss, grain germination and the following effects of powders: ovicide and larvicide, fumigant, repellent and residual. A completely randomized experimental design with factorial arrangement and three replicates was used. The highest levels of insect mortality were obtained with the powders of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. inflorescence and the mixture of leaves and stems at 2% (w/w), with values of 69.4% and 67.9% respectively. Best emergence reductions were obtained with the same treatments. In all treatments with powders of C. ambrosioides seeds weight were reduced in less than 3%. The residual effect lasted for 15 days, obtaining a mortality of 98.3% of adult insects, when powders of C. ambrosioides inflorescence were used at 2% (w/w) concentration. Powders of C. ambrosioides showed a mortality of 100% of eggs and larvae, and a fumigation effect against adult insects with a mortality of 100% in all treatments was evaluated. Powders of C. ambrosioides have a repellent effect for S. zeamais.Se evaluaron polvos vegetales de Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Chenopodium album L. y Chenopodium quinoa Willd. para el control de Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Los parámetros evaluados fueron mortalidad y emergencia de insectos adultos, pérdida de peso y germinación de los granos, efecto ovicida y larvicida, fumigación, repelencia y residualidad de los polvos. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar, con un arreglo factorial y tres repeticiones. La mayor mortalidad de insectos se obtuvo con los polvos de la inflorescencia y la mezcla de hojas y tallos de Chenopodium ambrosioides L., al 2% (p/p) con valores de 69,4% y 67,9% respectivamente. La menor emergencia de adultos se obtuvo con los mismos tratamientos. La pérdida de peso de granos, en todos los tratamientos de C. ambrosioides, no superó el 3%. Para el tratamiento inflorescencia de C. ambrosioides al 2% (p/p), la residualidad de los polvos se mantuvo hasta los 15 días, con una mortalidad de 98,3%. Esta misma especie presentó una mortalidad de huevos y larvas de 100%, además de presentar un efecto fumigante con una mortalidad de adultos de 100%, en todos los tratamientos evaluados. El polvo de C. ambrosioides es repelente para S. zeamais

Neumonía adquirida en la comunidad como factor de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia produces inflammatory products that produce preventable cardiovascular events. Objective: To establish if Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is a risk factor associated with cardiovascular disease. Materials and Methods: A cohort design was carried out with: patients hospitalized for a diagnosis of CAP and a control group without pneumonia (1:2), who met the selection criteria. Chi square, Relative Risk and confidence intervals were calculated for the crude and adjusted bivariate analysis and robust multivariate analysis. Results: Of the total study population, 693 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 64.1 ± 13.7 (SD) years. The most were male (61.5%). Among the classic cardiovascular factors, 96.8% used tobacco; 73.9% were hypertensive; 82.5% were diabetic and 96.5% were hypercholesterolemic. It was found that men had a higher frequency of acute coronary syndrome than women (22.3% vs. 4.5%; p<0.01), as well as in heart failure (33.1% vs. 25.8%; p<0.01) and in greater arrhythmia in women (23.2% vs 13.4%; p<0.01). In the multiple regression analysis, the observed association was preserved; adjusting with the confounding covariates of tobacco consumption, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia, for acute coronary syndrome: (RR= 3.98; 95% CI: 2.98-5.33), heart failure: (RR= 9, 65; 95% CI: 8.45-11.0) and arrhythmias: (RR= 10.7; 95% CI: 8.64-13.2). Conclusion: CAP is a risk factor associated with cardiovascular disease.Introducción: Neumonia adquirida en la comunidad produce productos inflamatorios que producen eventos cardiovasculares prevenibles. Objetivo: Establecer si la Neumonía Adquirida en la Comunidad (NAC) es un factor de riesgo asociado a enfermedad cardiovascular. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un diseño de cohortes con: pacientes hospitalizados por diagnóstico de NAC y un grupo control sin neumonía (1:2), que cumplían con los criterios de selección. Se calculó Chi cuadrado, Riesgo Relativo e intervalos de confianza para el análisis bivariado y análisis multivariado con varianza robusta crudos y ajustados. Resultados: Del total de la población de estudio, se analizaron 693 pacientes. El promedio de la edad fue 64,1 ± 13.7 (DE) años. La mayoría estaba conformada por sexo masculino (61.5%). Dentro de los factores cardiovasculares clásicos, el 96.8% consumía tabaco; el 73.9% era hipertenso; el 82.5% era diabético y el 96.5% era hipercolesterolemico. Se encontró que los varones tenían mayor frecuencia de síndrome coronario agudo que mujeres (22.3 % vs 4.5 %; p< 0.01), al igual que en Insuficiencia cardiaca (33.1 % vs 25.8 %; p < 0.01) y en arritmia mayor en mujeres (23.2 % vs 13.4 %; p< 0.01). En el analisis de regresión múltiple, se conservó la asociacion observada; ajustando con las covariables confusoras de consumo de tabaco, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus e hipercolesterolemia, para síndrome coronario agudo: (RR= 3,98; IC95%: 2,98- 5,33), insuficiencia cardiaca: (RR= 9,65; IC95%: 8,45-11,0) y arritmias: (RR= 10,7;IC95%: 8,64-13,2). Conclusión: La NAC es un factor de riesgo asociado a enfermedad cardiovascular

Social determinants of health and physical activity are related to pain intensity and mental health in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral neuropathy of the upper limb and a frequent cause of disability. Objective: To analyze the association between social determinants of health (SDH) and physical activity with pain intensity and mental health in patients with CTS. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with CTS awaiting surgery in two public hospitals in Chile. Methods: The SDH collected included: employment status, educational level and monetary income. The level of physical activity was defined according to compliance with WHO recommendations. Outcome measures included: Pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale), Symptoms of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and catastrophic thinking (Pain Catastrophizing Scale). The adjusted regression coefficient (β) for the association between SDH and physical activity with each outcome was obtained using multivariable linear regression models controlling for age, sex, body mass index and symptom duration. Results: Eighty-six participants were included (mean age 50.9 ± 10 years, 94% women). A high level of physical activity was associated with a 12.41 mm decrease in pain intensity (β = −12.41, 95%CI: −23.87 to −0.95) and a 3.29 point decrease in depressive symptoms (β = −3.29, 95%CI: −5.52 to −1.06). In addition, being employed was associated with a 2.30 point decrease in anxiety symptoms (β = −2.30; 95%CI: −4.41 to −0.19) and a high educational level was associated with a 7.71 point decrease in catastrophizing (β = −7.71; 95%CI: −14.06 to −1.36). Conclusion: Multidisciplinary care teams should be aware of the association between SDH and physical activity with physical and mental health

ISOLATION AND SELECTION OF EPIPHYTIC YEAST FOR BIOCONTROL OF Botrytis cinerea PERS. ON TABLE GRAPES

Botrytis cinerea Pers., the causal agent of gray mold, infects more than 200 plant species. This pathogen has traditionally been controlled by fungicides. However, with the increasing demand for pesticide-free foods new control strategies are needed. The objective of this study was to isolate and select grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) epiphytic yeasts for the biocontrol of B. cinerea in table grapes. Of the total isolated yeasts (n = 256), 32 exhibited mycelial growth inhibition in dual cultures with a halo > 4 mm, and eight of these isolates inhibited > 90% of conidial germination. When evaluating increasing concentrations on conidial germination inhibition, a dose-dependent response was observed with EC90 values from 0.45 × 105 to 0.22 × 108 cells mL-1. The antagonistic activity of six yeasts against B. cinerea in table grape berries 'Flame Seedless' increased as the yeast colonization time increased from 1 to 24 h on the berries, resulting in a higher biocontrol activity on B. cinerea. These results show the effectiveness of grapevine epiphytic yeasts as biocontrol agents of B. cinerea on table grapes

Polvos de especias aromáticas para el control del gorgojo del maiz, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, en trigo almacenado.

El gorgojo del maíz Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, es considerado una de las plagas mas importantes de productos almacenados. Se evaluaron, en laboratorio, polvos vegetales provenientes de nueve especias condimentarias para el control de S. zeamais en concentraciones de 0,5; 1; 2 y 4%. Las variables evaluadas fueron mortalidad y emergencia (F1) de adultos y pérdida de peso y germinación del grano. También se evaluó el efecto repelente y fumigante a las concentraciones de 0,5; 1 y 2%. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar, los tratamientos tuvieron cuatro repeticiones y el grupo de tratamientos fue repetido tres veces. Las mayores mortalidades se obtuvieron con Piper nigrum L. a 1% (83,4%), 2% (97,6%) y 4% (100%). Las menores emergencias de insectos adultos se obtuvieron en los mismos tratamientos más Capsicum annuum var. Longum Sendtn., Cinnamomun zeylanicum Blime y Pimpinella anisum L. al 4% (p/p). La pérdida de peso y germinación de granos no registraron diferencia significativa. Todos los polvos vegetales fueron repelentes para Sitophilus zeamais y ninguno tuvo efecto fumigante

Seedling vigor variation among 80 recombinant chromosome substitution lines (RCSL) of barley (Hordeum vulgare)

The seedling vigor of 80 barley recombinant chromosome substitution lines (RCSLs) was measured for selecting high seedling vigor genotypes. The RCSLs were derived from a cross between H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum and H. vulgare subsp. vulgare 'Harrington'. The work was carried out under greenhouse conditions during the summer of 2008. The experimental design was an alpha lattice with 3 replicates. In each replicate, 40 plants were established, distributed in eight polyethylene pots containing sand as substrate, which were fertilized an irrigated. The emergence of seedlings, number of leaves and shoots, dry matter of leaves, shoots and roots and leaf area of fully expanded leaves were measured. In addition, growth indices were calculated: emergence rate, leaf appearance rate, relative leaf expansion rate, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and the allometric coefficient (K) between root and shoot dry matter. All calculated indices varied significantly among genotypes (P≤0.05) and some RCSLs showed better early vigor associated traits than 'Harrington'. The dry matter accumulation 30 DAS (when the experiment ended) was significant and positively correlated with the RGR (r=0.61; P≤ 0.05) and NAR (r=0.41; P≤0.05). The K coefficient was negatively correlated with NAR (r=-0.40, P≤0.05). The genotypes with the greatest seminal vigor were the RCSLs 45, 92, 112 and 'Harrington', whereas the RCSLs 5, 19, 47 and 121 presented the lowest seminal vigor.Se estudió el vigor seminal de 80 líneas recombinantes con sustitución de cromosomas (RCSLs), derivadas de la cruza entre H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum y H. vulgare subsp. vulgare 'Harrington'. El trabajo se realizó bajo invernadero durante el verano del 2008. Se usó un diseño experimental de alpha lattice con tres repeticiones. En cada repetición, 40 plantas de cada línea se establecieron en 8 macetas que contenían arena como sustrato. Se realizó 8 muestreos, en los que se evaluó emergencia de plántulas, número de hojas y tallos, materia seca de hojas, tallos y raíces y área foliar de hojas plenamente expandidas. Además, se calculó índices de crecimiento como tasa de emergencia, tasa de aparición de hojas, tasa relativa de expansión foliar, tasa de crecimiento relativo (TCR), tasa de asimilación neta (TAN), proporción de área foliar (PAF) y el coeficiente alométrico de la relación entre materia seca radical y aérea (K). Todos los parámetros variaron significativamente entre genotipos (P ≤ 0,05) y algunas RCSLs fueron superiores a Harrington. La acumulación de materia seca en el último muestreo se correlacionó significativa y positivamente con la TCR (r =0,613; P ≤ 0,05) y la TAN (r=0,414; P ≤ 0,05). El K se correlacionó negativa y significativamente con la TAN (r=-0,393; P ≤ 0,05). Los genotipos con mayor vigor seminal fueron las RCSLs 45, 92, 112 y Harrington; mientras que los con menor vigor seminal fueron las RCSLs 5, 19, 47 y 121

Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages as indicators of water quality applying a modified biotic index in a spatio-seasonal context in a coastal basin of Southern Chile

The water quality in a Southern Chile river was characterized using the Biotic Index in a spatio-seasonal context, to analyze the composition and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates and their correlation with 14 physico-chemical parameters. Sampling was done over a year at 5 sampling stations in the basin of the Boroa River. A total of 77 taxa were recorded, with the most represented orders being the Ephemeroptera (43.30%), Diptera (24.16%) and Plecoptera (18.03%). The most abundant species were Meridialaris diguillina, Nousia maculata (Ephemeroptera) and Limnoperla jaffueli (Plecoptera). According to the modified FBI (Family Biotic Index), the findings indicated excellent, very good and good water quality, the latter quality being registered principally in winter. Likewise, the physico-chemical parameters indicated exceptional water quality. These results suggested a low level of anthropogenic impact in the basin. Applying the modified Hilsenhoff Biotic Index based on macroinvertebrates, the influence of seasonality on water quality was evident

Landscape composition as a determinant of diversity and functional feeding groups of aquatic macroinvertebrates in southern rivers of the Araucania, Chile

Changes in land use which directly or indirectly affect freshwater fauna constitute one of the principal anthropic factors which have caused world biological diversity to disappear rapidly during recent decades. This fauna includes aquatic benthic macroinvertebrates, organisms presenting temporal and spatial variation due to a variety of factors, one of which is the diverse food resources available in the rivers. To assess the effect of anthropic activities on this fauna, the distribution, abundance and characterisation of the functional feeding groups of aquatic macroinvertebrates were analysed, together with the physical and chemical variables in the environments of four coastal river basins of southern south-central Chile. A total of 104 taxa of macroinvertebrates were recorded, the principal component of the community being the Diptera ( 26 taxa). The abundance and richness of taxa were greater in summer and lower in winter. The most abundant species belong to the order Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Macroinvertebrates were affected by different land use: stations with less anthropic activity and greater altitude had higher macroinvertebrates abundance, while the lowest abundance was found at the lowest stations. The functional feeding groups which were most abundant spatially and temporally were the collector-gatherers and the shredders. The physical and chemical water quality variables proved to be of exceptional quality in all the stations. These results suggest that policies governing changes in land use in central and southern Chile should take into account the dramatic alterations that these changes impose on the macroinvertebrates community. Policies for biodiversity conservation should therefore focus on these small but important organisms in the north Patagonian region of South America, which is a hotspot of world diversity