Relationships among Household Saving, Public Saving, Corporate Saving and Economic Growth in India

This paper examines the relationship between the growth rates of household saving, public saving, corporate saving and economic growth in India using multivariate Granger causality tests. The conventional wisdom suggests that the causality flows from saving to economic growth. We show that the causality goes in the opposite direction for India. Hence, higher saving is the consequence of higher economic growth and not a cause.Economic growth; public saving; corporate saving; household saving

Macroeconometric modeling of saving and investment for Mercosur countries

In the long run, the present value of current account balance can not grow indefinitely large without precipitating in a macroeconomic crisis. This simple insight produces an econometrically testable relationship between saving and investment. We use data for four countries, which belong to the Mercosur Common Trade Agreement: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. The results indicate that there is no long run relationship between saving and investment in these countries. Thus, Mercosur is likely to act as a palliative against such a possibility in the future.

Toda and Yamamoto Causality Tests Between Per Capita Saving and Per Capita GDP for India

This paper looks at the relationship between per capita saving and per capita GDP for India using the Toda and Yamamoto tests of Granger causality. Data are for 1950-2004. We distinguish between three types of saving. These are household saving, corporate saving and public saving. The results show that there is no causality between per capita GDP and per capita household saving/per capita corporate saving in either direction. However, there is bi-directional causality between per capita household saving and per capita corporate saving.Toda-Yamamoto; causality

An Analysis of an Alliance: NAFTA Trucking and the US Insurance Industry

In the NAFTA, the United States agreed to phase out restrictions on the operation of Mexican trucking companies in the United States. When the deadlines came, the Clinton Administration chose to maintain the restrictions. Following a NAFTA panel ruling against the United States, the Bush Administration announced it would remove the restrictions. The decision has met with opposition from both truckers and insurers in the United States, who cite safety concerns. This article examines the economic, political and legal forces at work in this debate, as well as the relationship between the NAFTA and WTO rules on trade in services that apply.NAFTA, insurance, trucking, WTO, International Relations/Trade,

Three's Company:US Borders After September 11

The movement of illegal goods and illegal migrants also points to the importance of Mexico. Ignoring Mexico leaves a large hole in the U.S. security perimeter. If it is so easy for goods and people to move across the border, how does the United States plan to improve security without Mexican cooperation? As long as the United States cannot set up an impenetrable fence across its southern border, it needs Mexico to be a part of the security strategy. The uneasy history between the two neighbors, however, complicates the task confronting policymakers on both sides of the border as they consider new security realities after September 11.September 11 NAFTA trade security border

Global Diseases, Global Patents and Differential Treatment in WTO Law

As of January 1, 2005, all developing country members of the WTO are required to implement the WTO Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). We analyze the issue of access to patented medicine to treat global and neglected diseases in developing countries in the context of WTO law. We present legal and economic arguments that support balancing the rights of producers and users on a market-by- market basis and argue against taking a uniform approach globally. We conclude that global patent rights are not necessary to provide research incentives to pharmaceutical firms to invent treatments for global and neglected diseases. We develop an analytical framework for assessing special and differential treatment of developing countries in WTO law and apply this framework to TRIPS. We then propose a formula for assessing the correct balance between the rights of producers and users on a market-by-market basis.WTO, TRIPS, AIDS, Chapter 6, HIV, Index Construction

Global Diseases, Global Patents and Differential Treatment in WTO Law: Criteria for Suspending Patent Obligations in Developing Countries

Special and differential treatment of members is a controversial subject at the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) and nowhere is the debate more pronounced than in the context of life-saving medicines and patent protection. However, concerns have been raised in WTO negotiations regarding how to ensure that special and differential treatment targets developing countries\u27 trade, financial and development needs, without prejudicing the rights of other WTO members. In the fall of 2003, the WTO adopted a decision to amend the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ( TRIPS ) in order to enhance access to essential medicines in developing countries. In the fall of 2004, the World Intellectual Property Organization ( WIPO ) adopted an agenda to further the development of countries by considering different intellectual property regimes appropriate to the circumstances of a particular country or region. The WTO and the WIPO are the two major entities working to develop international patent law, and one of the objectives of TRIPS is to establish a mutually supportive relationship between the two. The application of TRIPS to developing countries has become even more important with the full entry into force of their patent obligations on January 1, 2005

Toda and Yamamoto Causality Tests Between Per Capita Saving and Per Capita GDP for India

This paper looks at the relationship between per capita saving and per capita GDP for India using the Toda and Yamamoto tests of Granger causality. Data are for 1950-2004. We distinguish between three types of saving. These are household saving, corporate saving and public saving. The results show that there is no causality between per capita GDP and per capita household saving/per capita corporate saving in either direction. However, there is bi-directional causality between per capita household saving and per capita corporate saving