News Text Classification Based on an Improved Convolutional Neural Network

With the explosive growth in Internet news media and the disorganized status of news texts, this paper puts forward an automatic classification model for news based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In the model, Word2vec is firstly merged with Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to generate an effective text feature representation. Then when an attention mechanism is combined with the proposed model, higher attention probability values are given to key features to achieve an accurate judgment. The results show that the precision rate, the recall rate and the F1 value of the model in this paper reach 96.4%, 95.9% and 96.2% respectively, which indicates that the improved CNN, through a unique framework, can extract deep semantic features of the text and provide a strong support for establishing an efficient and accurate news text classification model

Cancer after bariatric surgery : risk and prognosis

Obesity is a major public health challenge with a rapidly growing prevalence worldwide. The condition increases the risk of multiple diseases, including cancer in different locations. Current evidence on the effect of intentional weight loss on cancer is inconclusive. Bariatric surgery results in extensive and sustained weight loss with positive impact on several obesity-related comorbidities. It can therefore serve as a proxy for intentional weight. The few studies available suggest that bariatric surgery may decrease overall cancer risk but increase the risk of cancer in specific tumor locations. This thesis assesses the impact of bariatric surgery on cancer risk and cancer mortality using the Nordic Obesity Surgery Cohort (NordOSCo). The cohort includes individuals with an obesity diagnosis recorded in the National Patient Registries in any of the five Nordic countries between 1980 and 2012. Study I and IV included Swedish cohort members only, while Study II and III included the entire cohort. Study I validated bariatric surgery codes in the Swedish Patient Registry and the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg) against medical records for bariatric surgery performed during 2011. The accuracy of the codes proved to be high; 93.5% in the Patient Registry and 98.6% in SOReg. However, one fifth of the procedures in SOReg were not registered in the Patient Registry, indicating that the completeness of bariatric surgery registrations in the Patient Registry can be improved. Study II evaluated the association between bariatric surgery and the risk of obesityrelated cancer, non-obesity related cancer and cancer in selected sites. The study found an overall decreased risk of cancer following bariatric surgery that was more evident for cancers associated with obesity, particularly breast cancer, endometrial cancer and nonHodgkin lymphoma in women. The lower cancer risk was primarily observed during the initial years following surgery and this decrease diminished with time after surgery. In contrast, the risk of kidney cancer was increased among bariatric surgery patients. Study III and IV focused on colorectal cancer and studied the impact of bariatric surgery on the risk and prognosis of this disease. Incidence rates of colon cancer were higher in bariatric surgery patients than in the general population, especially after ≥10 years post-surgery. The elevated incidence rates exceeded that of obese individuals without bariatric surgery. No associations were observed for rectal cancer. On the contrary, cancer-specific mortality after rectal cancer diagnosis was more than three-fold increased among bariatric surgery patients compared to obese individuals without this surgery, but no differences in survival were observed between the exposure groups following colon cancer diagnosis. In conclusion, the Swedish Patient Registry is a valid data source for research on bariatric surgery. Overall cancer incidence seems to decrease after bariatric surgery, but the effect varies between cancer sites with a possible increase in the risk of colon and kidney cancer. Bariatric surgery may also decrease the chance of survival in rectal cancer

DFU: scale-robust diffusion model for zero-shot super-resolution image generation

Diffusion generative models have achieved remarkable success in generating images with a fixed resolution. However, existing models have limited ability to generalize to different resolutions when training data at those resolutions are not available. Leveraging techniques from operator learning, we present a novel deep-learning architecture, Dual-FNO UNet (DFU), which approximates the score operator by combining both spatial and spectral information at multiple resolutions. Comparisons of DFU to baselines demonstrate its scalability: 1) simultaneously training on multiple resolutions improves FID over training at any single fixed resolution; 2) DFU generalizes beyond its training resolutions, allowing for coherent, high-fidelity generation at higher-resolutions with the same model, i.e. zero-shot super-resolution image-generation; 3) we propose a fine-tuning strategy to further enhance the zero-shot super-resolution image-generation capability of our model, leading to a FID of 11.3 at 1.66 times the maximum training resolution on FFHQ, which no other method can come close to achieving

TYK2 promotes malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor progression through inhibition of cell death

BACKGROUND: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive sarcomas that arise most commonly in the setting of the Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome. Despite aggressive multimodality therapy, outcomes are dismal and most patients die within 5 years of diagnosis. Prior genomic studies in our laboratory identified tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) as a frequently mutated gene in MPNST. Herein, we explored the function of TYK2 in MPNST pathogenesis. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was utilized to examine expression of TYK2 in MPNSTs and other sarcomas. To establish a role for TYK2 in MPNST pathogenesis, murine and human TYK2 knockdown and knockout cells were established using shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 systems, respectively. RESULTS: We have demonstrated that TYK2 was highly expressed in the majority of human MPNSTs examined. Additionally, we demonstrated that knockdown of Tyk2/TYK2 in murine and human MPNST cells significantly increased cell death in vitro. These effects were accompanied by a decrease in the levels of activated Stats and Bcl-2 as well as an increase in the levels of Cleaved Caspase-3. In addition, Tyk2-KD cells demonstrated impaired growth in subcutaneous and metastasis models in vivo. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these data illustrate the importance of TYK2 in MPNST pathogenesis and suggest that the TYK2 pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for these deadly cancers

Integrating multi-origin expression data improves the resolution of deep phylogeny of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii)

The actinopterygians comprise nearly one-half of all extant vertebrate species and are very important for human well-being. However, the phylogenetic relationships among certain groups within the actinopterygians are still uncertain, and debates about these relationships have continued for a long time. Along with the progress achieved in sequencing technologies, phylogenetic analyses based on multi-gene sequences, termed phylogenomic approaches, are becoming increasingly common and often result in well-resolved and highly supported phylogenetic hypotheses. Based on the transcriptome sequences generated in this study and the extensive expression data currently available from public databases, we obtained alignments of 274 orthologue groups for 26 scientifically and commercially important actinopterygians, representing 17 out of 44 orders within the class Actinopterygii. Using these alignments and probabilistic methods, we recovered relationships between basal actinopterygians and teleosts, among teleosts within protacanthopterygians and related lineages, and also within acanthomorphs. These relationships were recovered with high confidence

Atheroprotective natural anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies of IgM subclass are decreased in Swedish controls as compared to non-westernized individuals from New Guinea

OBJECTIVE: To determine the importance of IgM antibodies against phosphorylcholine (aPC), a novel protective factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), in a population with a non-western life style as compared with a Swedish control group. METHODS AND RESULTS: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease were determined in a group of 108 individuals aged 40–86 years from New Guinea and 108 age-and sex-matched individuals from a population based study in Sweden. Antibodies were tested by ELISA. aPC IgM levels were significantly higher among New Guineans than among Swedish controls (p < 0.0001). This difference remained significant among both men and women when controlled for LDL and blood pressure which were lower and smoking which was more prevalent in New Guineans as compared to Swedish controls (p < 0.0001). aPC IgM was significantly and negatively associated with age and systolic blood pressure among Swedish controls and with waist circumference among New Guineans. aPC IgM levels were significantly higher among women than men in both groups. The proportion of the saturated fatty acid (FA) myristic acid in serum cholesterol esters was negatively but polyunsaturated eicosapentaenoic acid and also lipoprotein (a) were positively associated with aPC IgM levels. CONCLUSION: IgM-antibodies against PC, which have atheroprotective properties, are higher in a population from Kitava, New Guinea with a traditional lifestyle, than in Swedish Controls, and higher among women than men in both populations tested. Such antibodies could contribute to the low incidence of cardiovascular disease reported from Kitava and could also provide an explanation as to why women have a later onset of CVD than men