Genomics-assisted breeding in four major pulse crops of developing countries: present status and prospects

The global population is continuously increasing and is expected to reach nine billion by 2050. This huge population pressure will lead to severe shortage of food, natural resources and arable land. Such an alarming situation is most likely to arise in developing countries due to increase in the proportion of people suffering from protein and micronutrient malnutrition. Pulses being a primary and affordable source of proteins and minerals play a key role in alleviating the protein calorie malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies and other undernourishment-related issues. Additionally, pulses are a vital source of livelihood generation for millions of resource-poor farmers practising agriculture in the semi-arid and sub-tropical regions. Limited success achieved through conventional breeding so far in most of the pulse crops will not be enough to feed the ever increasing population. In this context, genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) holds promise in enhancing the genetic gains. Though pulses have long been considered as orphan crops, recent advances in the area of pulse genomics are noteworthy, e.g. discovery of genome-wide genetic markers, high-throughput genotyping and sequencing platforms, high-density genetic linkage/QTL maps and, more importantly, the availability of whole-genome sequence. With genome sequence in hand, there is a great scope to apply genome-wide methods for trait mapping using association studies and to choose desirable genotypes via genomic selection. It is anticipated that GAB will speed up the progress of genetic improvement of pulses, leading to the rapid development of cultivars with higher yield, enhanced stress tolerance and wider adaptability

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and RAPD variation among wild barley (Hordeum. vulgare subsp spontaneum) populations from west Turkey

WOS: 000183833700006Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA ( RAPD) markers were used to analyze genetic distance among H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum populations from west Turkey. Fifty-five RAPD and 10 ISSR primers were used to detect variation among sample. A total of 55 polymorphic loci were found using 65 primers. Two distinct cluster groups were clearly established among populations. The minimum variation was detected between Pinarbasi and Bornova ( GD = 0.192) populations and the maximum was found between Icmeler and Aydin populations ( GD = 0.926). As two dominant markers, RAPD and ISSRs are effective and promising marker systems for detecting genetic variation

Data for: Genome-Wide Association Studies of Ca and Mn content in the seeds of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The data uploaded describes SNP data

Data for: Genome-Wide Association Studies of Ca and Mn content in the seeds of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The data uploaded describes SNP data

Low genetic diversity in wild emmer (T-turgidum L. subsp dicoccoides (Korn. ex Asch et Graebn.) Thell.) from South-eastern Turkey revealed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

WOS: 000185620500006The present work was carried out to study genetic diversity among 17 populations of wild emmer wheat sampled from South-eastern Turkey, considered to be an important region for domestication of wheat. Eleven RFLP clones and 4 restriction enzymes combinations were used to probe the genomic DNA. A total of 151 polymorphic loci were obtained from the enzyme-probe combinations. The Genetic Distance (GD) values were from 0.019 (Gaziantep-3 and Sanliurfa-4) to 0.200 (Gaziantep-1 and K. Maras). Cluster analysis results showed that populations formed 2 clades within the dendrogram. Population Gaziantep-1 was unique and genetically most diverse from the remaining 16 populations. The results of average genetic distance (GD) among populations suggested that narrow genetic variability exist among 17 populations in the present study

Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) expression profiles in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients with different MEFV mutation patterns

WOS: 000315417700012PubMed ID: 22934972Objectives: The inflammasome complex and the inflammatory pathway have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the most common autoinflammatory disorder, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Pyrin, the protein product of the FMF gene MEFV, interacts with the inflammasome complex adaptor protein ASC/PYCARD (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein with a CARD). Pyrin and ASC can both function as either inducers or suppressors of the cellular inflammatory response. We aimed to characterize ASC-induced gene expression profiles in FMF patients with different MEFV mutation patterns. Methods: A total of 165 Caucasian patients with clinical and molecular FMF diagnoses were enrolled in the study. ASC gene expression was quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: ASC mRNA expression was increased in the MEFV mutation-positive group compared to the mutation-negative group (p = 0.001). The fold changes of ASC expression in the M694V homozygous (p = 0.02), M694V heterozygous (p = 0.012), compound heterozygous (p - 0.002), and R202Q/P369S/R408Q (p - 0.00) groups relative to the MEFV mutation-negative group were +2.4, +2.7, +3, and +3.4, respectively. qRT-PCR did not reveal a significant difference in ASC mRNA expression levels among the MEFV mutation-positive groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: ASC mRNA expression was up-regulated in patients carrying MEFV mutations independent of mutation type. There was no significant relationship between specific MEFV genotypes and the level of ASC expression in the patient group analysed. Thus, the findings of this work may suggest a crucial relationship between mutant MEFV/pyrin and remarkable ASC up-regulation in FMF inflammation

Low genetic diversity in wild emmer (T. turgidum L. subsp. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. et Graebn.) Thell.) from South-eastern Turkey revealed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

The present work was carried out to study genetic diversity among 17 populations of wild emmer wheat sampled from South-eastern Turkey, considered to be an important region for domestication of wheat. Eleven RFLP clones and 4 restriction enzymes combinations were used to probe the genomic DNA. A total of 151 polymorphic loci were obtained from the enzyme-probe combinations. The Genetic Distance (GD) values were from 0.019 (Gaziantep-3 and Sanliurfa-4) to 0.200 (Gaziantep-1 and K. Maras). Cluster analysis results showed that populations formed 2 clades within the dendrogram. Population Gaziantep-1 was unique and genetically most diverse from the remaining 16 populations. The results of average genetic distance (GD) among populations suggested that narrow genetic variability exist among 17 populations in the present study.2000 DPT 02The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Turkish Governmental Planing Organization (Project [ 2000 DPT 02) and partial funding by the Research Foundation of Ege University in Turkey. -

An analytical investigation of complexes of 4-amino-3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazin-5(4h)-one and its 2- and S-methyl derivatives with Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)-chloride

The ligands 4-amino-3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one and its 2- and S-methyl derivatives have been synthesized and characterized. These ligands were reacted with Zn(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II)-chloride salts and their analytical dissociation constants were determined in dioxane/water (1/1,v/v) mixtures. Some of these coordination complexes were isolated at two different pH values. The coordination complexes synthesized at pH greater than or equal to 13.0 value show 5-one 5-ol tautomerism. The metallated products have been characterized by using analytical data and IR spectroscopy