E-Learning

In this Digital world, the traditional class-based learning system copes with many challenges to accommodate learners. The conventional platforms have major issues accommodating learners from every corner of the globe. It is impossible to accommodate every learner as per their requirements and feasibilities, such as time and pace of learning. In this Digital world, the traditional class-based learning system copes with many challenges to accommodate learners. The conventional platforms have major issues accommodating learners from every corner of the globe. It is impossible to accommodate all learners as per their requirements and feasibilities, such as time and pace of learning. Traditional classrooms also faced many challenges during the pandemic. Measurements such as lockdowns and social distancing have created challenges for teachers and learners worldwide. Soon it was vital for everyone to have a platform to resolve all these problems. The e-Learning platform provides a solution to all the above-stated problems by offering its users a platform that is easily accessible from any part of the world. It replaces traditional classroom-based learning with a more user-friendly and intelligent learning system. The platform supports all learners by helping them achieve their goals through education. It also enables people from different backgrounds to learn new skills without having any prerequisites through its course modules, thus catering to everyone at any given time. There are many e-learning platforms available to educational institutes. The problem starts with integrating the e-Learning system into an innovative educational environment based on the users\u27 requirements. The e-learning services rely on a software system that allows access to all the materials for the educational process and makes them electronically available to all the students on the Internet whenever they need and wherever they are. Version Details: Stable Release V1.0 (Date: 11/30/2021) Maintenance releases (Date: Every 1st Sunday of the month

Novel Pretreatment Methods to Improve the Properties of Pyrolysis Oil Followed by Production of Biofuels

Production of renewable fuels is of growing interest due to the ongoing concerns associated with combustion of fossil fuel contributing to global warming. Biomass-derived bio-oil is a potential alternative replacement for conventional fuels. But negative properties such as lower energy density, higher water content and acidity prevent the direct use of bio-oil as a fuel. It is universally agreed that for production of a viable fuel bio-oils must be significantly upgraded. Present upgrading techniques, such as hydrodeoxygenation and esterification consume high amounts of expensive hydrogen or large volumes of alcohols, respectively. Production of low yields continues to be a challenge for hydrodeoxygenation. Therefore, development of more efficient upgrading methods would be desirable. The current research was divided into two parts: in the first part the raw bio-oil was pretreated prior to upgrading to reduce coke formation and catalyst deactivation during upgrading. In the second part pretreated bio-oils were further upgraded by several techniques. The second chapter describes application of an olefination process to raw bio-oil to produce a boiler fuel. In the third chapter, raw bio-oil was pretreated by novel oxidation pretreatment to convert bio-oil aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Aldehydes lead to coke formation and their conversion to carboxylic acids circumvents this issue. Following oxidation pretreatment to raw bio-oil acid anhydride pretreatment was applied to reduce water content which leads to catalyst deactivation during upgrading. The fourth chapter tests esterification of pretreated bio-oil by oxidation to produce boiler fuel with relatively high HHV. The fifth chapter discusses hydrodeoxygenation of oxidized bio-oil produced by oxidation to increase hydrocarbons yield and reduced charring during hydrodeoxygenation. The sixth chapter describes application of catalytic deoxygenation of pretreated bio-oil by oxidation in the presence of pressurized syngas to produce a liquid hydrocarbon mixture. In the seventh chapter we tested direct hydrocracking of pretreated bi-oil by oxidation to produce a liquid hydrocarbon mixture. The end products were analyzed by following the ASTM methods for HHV, water content, viscosity, density, acid value, elemental analysis. Best performing fuels based on high HHV and low acid value were analyzed by FTIR, GC-MS, DHA, 1HNMR and simulated distillation

Using Solar PV-Potentiated SRM Effort With Supply Power Control Functions

Electric vehicles(EVs) provide a workable solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thus become a hot topic for research and development. SRM is one of the engines that enforce EV applications. To extend EV driving miles, the use of vehicle photovoltaic (PV) panels reduces vehicle battery reliability. Due to the characteristics of the SRM phase transformer, it is suggested in this article to convert three ports to control the energy flow between the PV panel and the battery and SRM devices. Six operating modes were introduced, four of which were developed for driving and two for loading at the station. In driving modes, the maximum power point monitoring (MPPT) for the PV panel and SRM speed control is performed. In station charging modes, the loaded charging network topology is developed without the need for external devices. When the PV panel recharges the battery directly, a multi-section charging strategy is used to power it. MATLAB / Simulink-based simulation results and experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed three-port switcher. This can have economic impacts on improving market acceptability

Granular cell tumor of the urinary bladder: A case report

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are the tumors arising from Schwann cells. They should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis in the solid tumors of the bladder. Here, we report the case of a 60-year-old female presented with lower abdominal pain and burning micturition who on evaluation with contrast-enhanced computed tomography was found to have a bladder mass of 4 cm × 3 cm in the left lateral wall. Cystoscopy showed a smooth ovoid mass 4 cm × 3 cm situated above and lateral to the left ureteric orifice covered by normal bladder mucosa. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, which was diagnosed as a GCT on histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry

Digitized Engineering Notebook

Digitized Engineering Notebook is a Web site application that simulates and transforms the characteristics of a paper notebook used for recording details of laboratory works into a digital version of such notebook. This is a web based application developed using the technologies like C#.Net, Asp.Net 4.0, Sql server 2014 as Database, JavaScript, CSS and few scripts and styles. Since the notebook is a permanent, documented and primary record of what you are doing in the laboratory: Digitized Engineering Notebook allows users to store records of text, data, and images to a database, and at the same time provides functionalities for easy access. Digitized Engineering Notebook also allows users to create and edit files online while collaborating with other team members in real-time. Both user and administrator should appreciate that the format guidelines for notebooks are derived from the use of the notebooks as a legal document. Major features include front page with a menu, admin console for site administration, a list of existing project and creation of new projects, table of content, chronological listing of log entries, pages with multimedia, search, calendar of events, etc. Key functionalities include user login, log entry forms, file upload function, converting HTML to PDF, log printing, etc

Word-Level Explanations for Analyzing Bias in Text-to-Image Models

Text-to-image models take a sentence (i.e., prompt) and generate images associated with this input prompt. These models have created award wining-art, videos, and even synthetic datasets. However, text-to-image (T2I) models can generate images that underrepresent minorities based on race and sex. This paper investigates which word in the input prompt is responsible for bias in generated images. We introduce a method for computing scores for each word in the prompt; these scores represent its influence on biases in the model's output. Our method follows the principle of \emph{explaining by removing}, leveraging masked language models to calculate the influence scores. We perform experiments on Stable Diffusion to demonstrate that our method identifies the replication of societal stereotypes in generated images.Comment: 5 main pages, 3 pages in appendix, and 3 figure

ROUTE PLAN IMPLICATION IN RADIO NETWORKS

An easy approach would be to attach the whole routing path in every packet. The difficulty of one's attitude is definitely the incontrovertible fact that magnetism theme expenses may well be huge in order to packets among interminable routings expressway. With the occupation avenue respectively wrapping, quite a few densities including thorough approaches bottle regulate adequate administration together with propriety raise in spite of deployed WSNS quieted in regard to a lot in regard to depreciated sensor nodes. Ipath includes an unusual style related to a light-weight mishmash went route in order to authentication originating at spectacular most deduced drive. So that you can yon supplement histrionic supposition power along including striking realization ability, ipath incorporates a stable load code so build suspenseful first company containing drive. As far as require melodramatic reiterative progress dynamic also economical, couple problems must be addressed. Powerful confusion went route must be slight as well as skilled sufficiency as it needs to be set with resource-restricted sensor nodes. With all the subjugation avenue through folder, manifold analysis additionally analytical approaches take care of run competent care including concordat hike in order to deployed WSNS repressed in reference to a lot referring to lapsed sensor nodes. Individually achieve ipath as well as check grace presentation manipulating vestiges originating at large win deployments in addition down to lengthy simulations. End report so that ipath achieves so much larger facelift ratios lower disparate netting service when compared near separate condition-of-the-art approaches. When compared alongside path zip, ipath exploits unusual street comparison enclosed by endless packets in furtherance of hard corollary, leading to this extent much better scalability

Bacteria and Virus Control by Electrochemical Coagulation and Microfiltration

Bench-scale experiments were performed to evaluate microorganism control by electrochemical coagulation and membrane microfiltration. Natural organic matter (NOM) present in natural waters appears to reduce the effectiveness of iron electrocoagulation pretreatment to microfiltration for MS2 virus control by complexing ferrous ions generated at the sacrificial anode during electrolysis. This inhibits (i) Fe2+ oxidation, precipitation, and virus destabilization and (ii) virus inactivation through reactive oxygen species intermediates or by direct interactions with Fe2+ ions. In contrast, higher reductions in MS2 virus concentrations were obtained when aluminum was electrochemically added to surface water. Sweep flocculation was the primary virus destabilization mechanism with secondary contributions from charge neutralization. Direct evidence for virus enmeshment in flocs was provided by two independent methods: quantitative elution using beef extract at elevated pH and quantitating fluorescence from labeled viruses. Monotonically increasing adhesion force between viruses immobilized on AFM tips and floc surfaces with increasing electrocoagulant dosage was measured by atomic force microscopy, which was accompanied by decreasing magnitude of the zeta potential (→ 0) and increasing NOM removal. Hence, virus uptake mechanisms also include charge neutralization and hydrophobic interactions with NOM on floc surfaces. Evidence for virus inactivation was also obtained during iron and aluminum electrocoagulation of synthetic water spiked with viruses. Free chlorine was produced during aluminum electrolysis of saline solutions via oxidation of chloride ions, which inactivated MS2 viruses. Capsid protein modifications probed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed significant oxidative modification in amide I and II (1700-1500 cm-1) region. Evidence for genome damage was obtained using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR). Hence, alterations of capsid proteins and loss of genome structural integrity both contributed to inactivation. Separate experiments were performed to examine the rejection of spherical silica colloids and viruses as well as capsule-shaped bacteria by clean microfiltration membranes. Modeling efforts (performed by Prof. Ruth Baltus’ group at Clarkson University) focused on incorporating the convective hindrance factor for a capsule shaped particle in a cylindrical pore into predictions of the rejection coefficient. Short-term MF experiments were performed at the University of Houston to measure rejection of three Gram negative bacteria, two spherical viruses, and several spherical silica particles by a number of track-etched membranes with near cylindrical pore geometry in a stirred cell before the onset of fouling. Experimental rejections of spherical viruses, and particulate silica and several rod-shaped Gram negative bacteria with aspect ratio from 2 to 5 by clean track-etched membranes were in general agreement with theoretical predictions.Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department o