11 research outputs found
Basic characteristics of post-frontal shower precipitation rates
No full textFor the post-frontal precipitation field, a rain rate analysis was carried out based on the radar composite RZ of the German Weather Service. Two different approaches were followed: an Eulerian- and a Lagrangian-type analysis. Rain rate distributions and their diurnal cycle were investigated and the instantaneous rain rates per individual cell, embedded in an enclosed rain area, were determined. The rain amount per individual cell within a rain area increases with the total cell number. A comparison of the tracks of the rain areas with the 925 hPa wind field revealed a movement with the mean wind direction. Furthermore, the life cycle of the rain areas was investigated with respect to related rain amounts as well as to the area. For single-cell-tracks the mean temporal development of the area integrated rain rate (AIRR) shows a parabola shape, while the area time series is better represented by a sine function. The resulting functions only depend on the life time of the track. This result reveals a simple underlying law for an apparently chaotic precipitation process
Stimmlich enkodierte emotionale Erregung (Voice Stress) und Posttraumatische Reifung sowie Partnerschaftszufriedenheit bei Partnern von Brustkrebspatientinnen im Kontext der sozialen Unterstützung
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Einleitung Eine Brustkrebserkrankung geht mit erheblichen psychosozialen Belastungen für die Patientin und ihren Partner einher. Positive intradyadische Kommunikation und gegenseitige soziale Unterstützung wirken protektiv gegenüber diesen Belastungen. Individuelle emotionale Erregung gemessen über die Sprachgrundfrequenz (f0) gilt während partnerschaftlicher Interaktionen als wichtiger Aspekt des gegenseitigen Unterstützungsverhaltens und kann über die Sprachgrundfrequenz (f0-range) objektiv gemessen werden.
Material & Methoden N=44 Paare führten siebenminütige Gespräche, bei denen der Mann als Sprecher seine Belastungen bezüglich der Krebserkrankung der Frau äußerte, während die Frau in der Zuhörerrolle Unterstützung bieten sollte. Mithilfe eines Akteur-Partner-Interdependenz-Modells (APIM) wurde die f0 beider Partner während der partnerschaftlichen Interaktion und ihr Zusammenhang mit dem Ausmaß an posttraumatischer Reifung (PTR) und Partnerschaftsqualität untersucht.
Ergebnisse Eine größere PTR hing mit einer höheren eigenen f0 im Paargespräch bei den Männern zusammen (Akteur-Effekt) sowie tendenziell mit der f0 der Frau (Partner-Effekt). Es konnten keine Akteur- oder Partnereffekte bei den Frauen gefunden werden. Keine Effekte zeigten sich für Partnerschaftsqualität und f0.
Diskussion Im Rahmen partnerschaftlicher Unterstützung scheint eine erhöhte emotionale Erregung f0 in Verbindung mit positiven psychologischen Faktoren zu stehen. Die f0 im Kontext der sozialen Unterstützung könnte mit einer positiven Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung zusammen hängen, die sich förderlich auf PTR auswirken und dem Sprecher Souveränität im emotionalen Ausdruck verleihen könnte. Diese Souveränität könnte sich wiederum in einer höheren Involviertheit und somit höheren f0 – Werten ausdrücken. Eine weitere Überprüfung dieser Ergebnisse ist erforderlich.</jats:p
Assessing the Benefits of Convection-Permitting Models by Neighborhood Verification: Examples from MAP D-PHASE
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High-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) models produce more detailed precipitation structures but the real benefit is probably the more realistic statistics gained with the higher resolution and not the information on the specific grid point. By evaluating three model pairs, each consisting of a high-resolution NWP system resolving convection explicitly and its low-resolution-driving model with parameterized convection, on different spatial scales and for different thresholds, this paper addresses the question of whether high-resolution models really perform better than their driving lower-resolution counterparts. The model pairs are evaluated by means of two fuzzy verification methods—upscaling (UP) and fractions skill score (FSS)—for the 6 months of the D-PHASE Operations Period and in a highly complex terrain. Observations are provided by the Swiss radar composite and the evaluation is restricted to the area covered by the Swiss radar stations. The high-resolution models outperform or equal the performance of their respective lower-resolution driving models. The differences between the models are significant and robust against small changes in the verification settings. An evaluation based on individual months shows that high-resolution models give better results, particularly with regard to convective, more localized precipitation events.</jats:p
Evaluation of an Automatic Meteorological Drone Based on a 6-Month Measurement Campaign
No full textFrom December 2021 to May 2022, MeteoSwiss and Meteomatics conducted a proof of concept to demonstrate the capability of automatic drones to provide data of sufficient quality and reliability on a routine operational basis. Over 6 months, Meteodrones MM-670 were operated automatically eight times per night at Payerne, Switzerland. In total, 864 meteorological profiles were measured and compared to co-located standard measurements, including radiosoundings and remote sensing instruments. To our knowledge, this is the first time that Meteodrone’s atmospheric profiles have been evaluated in such an extensive campaign. The paper highlights two case studies that showcase the performance and challenges of measuring temperature, humidity, and wind with a Meteodrone. It also focuses on the overall quality of the drone measurements. Throughout the campaign, the availability of Meteodrone measurements was 75.7%, with 82.2% of the flights reaching the nominal altitude of 2000 m above sea level. The quality of the measurements was assessed against the WMO’s (World Meteorological Organization) requirements. The temperature measurements gathered by the Meteodrone met the “breakthrough” target, while the humidity and wind profiles met the “threshold” target for high-resolution numerical weather prediction. The temperature measurement quality was comparable to that of a microwave radiometer, and the humidity quality was similar to that obtained from a Raman LiDAR. However, the wind measurements gathered by a Doppler LiDAR were more accurate than the estimation provided by the Meteodrone. This campaign marks a significant step towards the operational use of automatic drones for meteorological applications
First evaluation of a 6-months Meteodrone campaign
No full text&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;From December 2021 to May 2022, MeteoSwiss conducted a proof of concept with Meteomatics to demonstrate the capability of drones to provide data of sufficient quality and reliability on a routine operational basis. Meteodrones MM-670 were operated automatically 8 times per night at Payerne, Switzerland. 864 meteorological profiles were measured and compared to co-localized measurements including radiosoundings and remote-sensing instruments. To our knowledge, it is the first time that Meteodrone measurements are evaluated in such an intensive campaign.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The availability of the Meteodrone measurements over the whole campaign was 75.7% with 82.2% of the flights reaching the nominal altitude of 2000m above sea level. Using the radiosondes as a reference, the quality of the Meteodrone measurements can be quantified according to WMO requirements (WMO OSCAR , 2022). Applying this method, the temperature measured by the Meteodrone can be considered as a &amp;#8220;breakthrough&amp;#8221;, meaning that they are a significant improvement if they are used for high resolution Numerical Weather Prediction. The Meteodrone&amp;#8217;s humidity and wind profiles are classified as &amp;#8220;useful&amp;#8221; for high-resolution numerical weather predictions, suggesting they can be used for assimilation in numerical models. The quality is similar compared to the temperature measured by a microwave radiometer and the humidity measured by a Raman Lidar. However, the wind measured by a Doppler Lidar was more accurate than the estimation of the Meteodrone.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This campaign opens the door for operational usage of automatic drones for meteorological applications.&lt;/p&gt;</jats:p
The first evaluation of a 6-months automatic Meteodrone campaign
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;The&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Swis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;s federal office of meteorology and climatology&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;, MeteoSwiss,&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;mandated the company&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Meteomatics&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;for a 6-months campaign to measure vertical profiles of temperature, humidity and wind at Payerne, Switzerland. The aim is to measure 8 profiles per night, up to 1.5km above the ground. The measurements are performed with a hexa-copter&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Meteodrone&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;MM-670 upon remote supervision. The drone was flying automatically beyond the line of sight and was recharged autonomously using the&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Meteobase&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The presentation will focus on the availability and the quality of the measurements. The measurement will be compared to co-localized radio-sounding and remote-sensing measurements like a wind lidar&amp;#160;Windcube&amp;#160;200S, a radar wind profiler PCL1300, the Raman lidar RALMO and a microwave radiometer HATPRO G5. At the end of the campaign, more than 1000 flights should be available, providing a unique data set to compare the performances of these systems.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;On the first month of the campaign, December 2021, 188 flights were performed for an availability of more than 90%. 85% of these flights reached the nominal altitude of 1.5km, the other flights were stopped due to the weather conditions. The measurements were transmitted in real time and compared to simultaneous radio-soundings. Using the WMO/OSCAR requirements and a&amp;#160;preliminary&amp;#160;analysis, the temperature measurements can be classified as a &amp;#8220;breakthrough&amp;#8221; with a temperature uncertainty of 0.82K. The wind data was close to the breakthrough limit (2.85m/s). To obtain useful humidity measurements we had to exclude three nights where the drone was not able to measure correctly a dry layer above the stratus. After this filtering, we obtained an uncertainty of 8.9% on the specific humidity, below the &amp;#8220;threshold&amp;#8221; value of 10%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The statistics over the entire period of 6 months will allow to assess the maturity of such systems and inform how they complement the existing observing system.&amp;#160;To our knowledge, it is the first time that such a long-term evaluation is performed, opening the opportunities for automatic drone measurements in the boundary layer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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Emotional arousal predicts observed social support in German and American couples talking about breast cancer.
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