近赤外線スペクトロスコピィを用いた覚醒剤精神病と統合失調症の鑑別

Despite some slight differences in symptomatology, differential diagnosis of methamphetamine-induced psychosis (MAP) versus schizophrenia can be challenging because both disorders present a large overlap in their clinical symptoms. However, a recent study has shown that near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) performed during a cognitive task can be a powerful tool to differentiate between these two disorders. Here, we evaluated verbal fluency task performance during NIRS in 15 patients diagnosed with MAP and 19 with schizophrenia matched for age and sex. We used prefrontal probes and a 24-channel NIRS machine to measure the relative concentrations of oxyhaemoglobin every 0.1 s during the task. For each patient, the neurocognitive function and clinical psychopathology were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Oxyhaemoglobin changes in the prefrontal cortex were significantly higher in the MAP group compared to those in the schizophrenia group, particularly in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In contrast, we found no significant difference in PANSS and BACS scores. Our findings suggest that NIRS measurement could be applied to differentiate patients with MAP from those with schizophrenia, even in cases where clinical symptoms are similar.博士（医学）・甲第645号・平成28年3月15日This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Development of an instrumant for observing fish behavior under the sea ice using ultrasonic pinger near Syaowa Station

This paper describes the development of hardware and software designed for observing fish behavior under the sea ice near Syowa Station, during the 34th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-34) 1992-1994. The system consists of one master station and eight secondary stations and ultrasonic pingers. Each secondary station is composed of an ultrasonic transducer, an ultrasonic transceiver and a radio transceiver. The master station's unit consists of eight channel radio receivers, a transmitter and a 32 bit personal computer. The master unit fixes the fish 3D positions by measuring the time difference between sound reception at the secondary units. At the same time the master unit's computer displays the fish position, while recording measured time differences into the hard disk. Using this system, we tracked Emerald Rock Cod (Trematomus bernacchii) nine times successfully

Geospatial data and analysis: the landscape of sources, tools, and use cases

Abstract Backgound Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells play important roles in maintaining adult lung homeostasis. AT2 cells isolated from the lung have revealed the cell-specific functions of AT2 cells. Comprehensive molecular and transcriptional profiling of purified AT2 cells would be helpful for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of their cell-specific functions. To enable the further purification of AT2 cells, we aimed to discriminate AT2 cells from non-AT2 lung epithelial cells based on surface antigen expression via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Methods Single-cell suspensions obtained from enzymatically digested murine lungs were labeled for surface antigens (CD45/CD31/epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)/ major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII)) and for pro-surfactant protein C (proSP-C), followed by FACS analysis for surface antigen expression on AT2 cells. AT2 cells were sorted, and purity was evaluated by immunofluorescence and FACS. This newly developed strategy for AT2 cell isolation was validated in different strains and ages of mice, as well as in a lung injury model. Results FACS analysis revealed that EpCAM+ epithelial cells existed in 3 subpopulations based on EpCAM and MHCII expression: EpCAMmedMHCII+ cells (Population1:P1), EpCAMhiMHCII− cells (P2), and EpCAMlowMHCII− cells (P3). proSP-C+ cells were enriched in P1 cells, and the purity values of the sorted AT2 cells in P1 were 99.0% by immunofluorescence analysis and 98.0% by FACS analysis. P2 cells were mainly composed of ciliated cells and P3 cells were composed of AT1 cells, respectively, based on the gene expression analysis and immunofluorescence. EpCAM and MHCII expression levels were not significantly altered in different strains or ages of mice or following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury. Conclusions We successfully classified murine distal lung epithelial cells based on EpCAM and MHCII expression. The discrimination of AT2 cells from non-AT2 epithelial cells resulted in the isolation of pure AT2 cells. Highly pure AT2 cells will provide accurate and deeper insights into the cell-specific mechanisms of alveolar homeostasis

VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF OITHONA SIMILIS AND ONCAEA CURVATA (CYCLOPOIDA, COPEPODA) UNDER SEA ICE NEAR SYOWA STATION IN THE ANTARCTIC WINTER (18th Symposium on Polar Biology)

Vertical distributions of two small cyclopoid copepods, Oithona similis and Oncaea curvata, were investigated under fast ice near Syowa Station on 1-2 July in continuous darkness during the Antarctic winter. All developmental stages from copepodite stage I (CI) to adults of two species occurred homogeneously throughout the water column; and no marked diel vertical migration was observed. Their homogeneous distribution pattern and non-migrating behavior suggest some selective advantages for surviving in the Antarctic winter: reduction of the energy cost, effective utilization of the limited food resources, and minimizing the population predation