Thermodynamic investigation of a new water-soluble porphyrin with calf thymus DNA

The equilibrium binding of a new water-soluble tetra-cationic porphyrin, 5-(1-(4-carboxybutyl)‎pyridinium-4-yl)10,15,20-tris(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)‎porphyrin (5-CBPyP) with calf thymus DNA in comparison with meso-tetrakis(4-N-methyl‎pyridinium)porphyrin (TMPyP) has been studied in 7.5 mM phosphate buffer, pH=7.2; and at various temperatures by UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence spectroscopies and viscosity measurement. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated by van't Hoff equation at various temperatures. The values of -137.13±1.22 kJ/mol and -337.21±4.75 J/mol.K for 5-CBPyP and -159.12±1.22 kJ/mol and -406.11±4.45 J/mol.K for TMPyP, were estimated for enthalpy and entropy changes of interaction, respectively. The data indicate that the process is exothermic and enthalpy driven suggesting that electrostatic forces play a considerable role in the interaction process. The results of spectroscopic techniques and viscosity measurement represent the intercalation mode of binding for both porphyrins and higher binding affinity of TMPyP respect to 5-CBPyP

Political Consequences of the Expansion of Small Enterprises in Iran, Case Study of the Ninth Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2005 to 2009)

This study seeks to analyze, with a qualitative method and thematic analysis, the political behavior of individuals in a social unit in response to the economic behavior of the State. Governments, as influential institutions, communicate with individuals, families, and society. Any strategy by these political units implies a response from other external spheres. People in society often react to the behavior of governments, especially in the economic sphere. Especially if this government interferes with normative implications such as justice. The economic activities of governments are essentially aimed at promoting justice. According to the findings, The Gini coefficient decreases in areas where financial resources have been driven. Considering the decrease in the Gini coefficient in rural areas in the time period mentioned and increasing equality and justice in these areas, a kind of political action took place in the form of political mobilization that emerged as social capital for the established state. This representation, especially in the 10th Presidential Election, has been identified as the result of this socialization and promotion of social capital as a political and objective consequence of the expansion of small enterprises in rural areas

Multifunctional approach to improve water oxidation performance with MOF-based photoelectrodes

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a group of compounds with high porosity and diverse capabilities in photoelectrochemistry. The use of these compounds as photocatalysts and photoelectrodes is still a strong challenge due to bulk and surface recombination issues. To solve this problem, we applied a dual strategy to simultaneously enhance charge separation and catalytic activity in MIL-125-NH2 and UIO-66-NH2 MOF photocatalysts. Mesoporous TiO2 was used as electron-selective contact on the MOF surface (MOF/TiO2) to minimize bulk recombination. On the other hand, to increase the MOF catalytic activity for water oxidation, a well-matched Co3(PO4)2 (CoPi) co-catalyst (CoPi/MOF/TiO2) was used. The obtained results showed that CoPi and TiO2 were introduced in the MOF structure. The (CoPi/MOF/TiO2) photoelectrodes showed a photocurrent density 26 times higher compared to the reference MOF at 1.23 V vs. RHE for PEC water oxidation of artificial seawater, validating the developed strategy for further photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical applications.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume IWe acknowledge with appreciation the financial support from the University of Isfahan and Ministry of Science, Research and Technology Center for International Scientific Studies and Collaboration (CISSC). SG acknowledges the financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain through funded project ENE2017-85087-C3-1-R

Pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in Iranian COVID-19 patients

Recently, spontaneous pneumomediastinum (PM), pneumopericardium (PP), pneumothorax (PT), and subcutaneous emphysema (SE) were reported as infrequent complications in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in intensive care (ICU). Here we report these complications in nine Iranian patients of COVID-19. Nine patients with reported PM, PP, PT, and SE in COVID-19 who were hospitalized in Arya hospital, Rasht, Iran, for three months, were followed to record demographic data and clinical characteristics of these patients. In nine PM-developed patients, six cases represented PT, one patient with PP, and four patients with PT and SE. Four patents expired and only five patients survived. PM, PP, PT, and SE are uncommon complications in COVID-19 patients and were reported frequently in male patients. Early diagnosis and treatment could save the patients since these complications are related to poor prognosis and prolonged hospitalization. Patients with mild COVID-19 and mild pulmonary damage have a favorable outcome.

Palladium NanoparticlesImmobilized on Nano-silica Triazine Dendritic Polymer (Pdnp-nSTDP): An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling and Heck Reactions

A new catalyst based on palladium nanoparticles immobilized on nano-silica triazine dendritic polymer (Pdnp-nSTDP) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy and elemental analysis. The size of the palladium nanoparticles was determined to be 3.1±0.5 nm. This catalytic system showed high activity in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of aryl iodides, bromides and chlorides with arylboronic acids and also in the Heck reaction of these aryl halides with styrenes. These reactions were best performed in a dimethylformamide (DMF)/water mixture (1:3) in the presence of only 0.006 mol% and 0.01 mol% of the catalyst, respectively, under conventional conditions and microwave irradiation to afford the desired coupling products in high yields. The Pdnp-nSTDP was also used as an efficient catalyst for the preparation of a series of star- and banana-shaped compounds with a benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine or 1,3,5-triazine unit as the central core. Moreover, the catalyst could be recovered easily and reused several times without any considerable loss of its catalytic activity

SPION-A-Pd(EDTA) (superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles-A-ethylendiamine tetraacetic acid) as a robust nanocatalyst for Buchwald-Hartwig C-N Coupling Reaction

During thelast20-30 years, palladium-catalyzed reactions have witnessed tremendous advances in the industrial and organic reactions such as hydrogenation, coupling, cyanation and amination. Despite the wide utility of Pd-catalysts in these reactions, they suffer from a number of drawbacks such as recovery, reuse of catalyst and remain as  a contaminant in the products at the end of the reaction. A powerful and convenient reaction procedure for the C-N coupling reaction (the Buchwld-Hartwig reaction), yielding products of N-arylanilines and N-arylamines in conventional heating has been reported. The protocol utilized an high stable Pd(EDTA)2- salt by counter cation of N-methylimidazolium bounded to 1,3,5-triazine-tethered SPIONs (superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles). The reaction products were produced under conventional heating at extremely low catalyst loading (as low as 0.003 mol% Pd).Finally, we also examined the reusability of the catalyst.  It was found that the catalyst could be recovered by external magnetic field and be reused for five times without obvious loss in catalytic activity

Efficient buchwald hartwig reaction catalyzed by spions-bis(NHC)-Pd(II)

A powerful and convenient reaction procedure for the C-N coupling reaction (the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction), yielding products of N-arylanilines and N-arylamines in both conventional heating and microwave irradiation has been reported. The protocol utilizes a stable and new supper ferromagnetic nanoparticle chelating N-heterocyclic dicarbene palladium(II) complex (Pd-NHC) as catalyst which helps/allows us to complete the reaction with only 0.002 mol% Pd producing high yield products. We also examined the reusability of the catalyst. It was found that the catalyst could be recovered by external magnetic field and  reused for seven times without obvious loss in catalytic activity

Palladium nanoparticles immobilized on multifunctional ‎hyperbranched polyglycerol-grafted magnetic nanoparticles as a ‎sustainable and efficient catalyst for C-C coupling reactions

This study offers an exclusive class of magnetic nanoparticles supported hyperbranched polyglycerol (MNP/HPG) that was functionalized with citric acid (MNP/HPG-CA) as a host immobilization of palladium nanoparticles. The MNP/HPG-CA/Pd catalyst was fully characterized using some different techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The new catalytic system showed high activity for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling and Heck reaction under mild and green conditions. Besides, the MNP/HPG-CA/Pd was found to be a convenient catalyst for copper-free Sonogashira coupling reaction in water as a green solvent at room temperature. Moreover, the catalyst could be recovered easily and reused several times without significant loss of reactivity. Ease of preparation, oxygen insensitive, phosphine-free, air- and moisture-stable, and high reusability of this immobilized palladium catalyst are the noteworthy advantages of this catalytic system