Experimental Test of Tracking the King Problem

In quantum theory, the retrodiction problem is not as clear as its classical counterpart because of the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics. In classical physics, the measurement outcomes of the present state can be used directly for predicting the future events and inferring the past events which is known as retrodiction. However, as a probabilistic theory, quantum-mechanical retrodiction is a nontrivial problem that has been investigated for a long time, of which the Mean King Problem is one of the most extensively studied issues. Here, we present the first experimental test of a variant of the Mean King Problem, which has a more stringent regulation and is termed "Tracking the King". We demonstrate that Alice, by harnessing the shared entanglement and controlled-not gate, can successfully retrodict the choice of King's measurement without knowing any measurement outcome. Our results also provide a counterintuitive quantum communication to deliver information hidden in the choice of measurement.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, 2 table

Tetra­aqua­(2-hy­droxy­acetato-κ2 O 1,O 2)magnesium nitrate

In the title complex, [Mg(C2H3O3)(H2O)4]NO3, the MgII cation is hexa­coordinated by four O atoms from water mol­ecules and two O atoms from a 2-hy­droxy­acetate ligand in a distorted octa­hedral coordination geometry. The structure exhibits a three-dimensional supra­molecular network, which is stabilized by nine different O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Characteristics of coronary artery disease in symptomatic type 2 diabetic patients: evaluation with CT angiography

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common and severe complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study is to identify the features of CAD in diabetic patients using coronary CT angiography (CTA).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From 1 July 2009 to 20 March 2010, 113 consecutive patients (70 men, 43 women; mean age, 68 ± 10 years) with type 2 DM were found to have coronary plaques on coronary CTA. Their CTA data were reviewed, and extent, distribution and types of plaques and luminal narrowing were evaluated and compared between different sexes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In total, 287 coronary vessels (2.5 ± 1.1 per patient) and 470 segments (4.2 ± 2.8 per patient) were found to have plaques, respectively. Multi-vessel disease was more common than single vessel disease (<it>p </it>< 0.001), and the left anterior descending (LAD) artery (35.8%) and its proximal segment (19.1%) were most frequently involved (all <it>p </it>< 0.001). Calcified plaques (48.8%) were the most common type (<it>p </it>< 0.001) followed by mixed plaques (38.1%). Regarding the different degrees of stenosis, mild narrowing (36.9%) was most common (<it>p </it>< 0.001); however, a significant difference was not observed between non-obstructive and obstructive stenosis (50.4% vs. 49.6%, <it>p </it>= 0.855). Extent of CAD, types of plaques and luminal narrowing were not significantly different between male and female diabetic patients.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Coronary CTA depicted a high plaque burden in patients with type 2 DM. Plaques, which were mainly calcified, were more frequently detected in the proximal segment of the LAD artery, and increased attention should be paid to the significant prevalence of obstructive stenosis. In addition, DM reduced the sex differential in CT findings of CAD.</p

(Z)-1,3,4a-Trimethyl-5,5-diphenyl-6-oxa-1,3-diaza­bicyclo­[4.2.0]octane-2,4-dione

The title compound, C20H20N2O3, is a head-to-tail oxetane, one of the regioisomers obtained by the the Paternó–Büchi reaction of 1,3-dimethyl­thymine with benzophenone. The oxetane ring is folded, the dihedral angle between the C—O—C and C—C—C planes being 14.4 (2)°. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 64.3 (2)°. The pyrimidine ring adopts a boat conformation. The crystal structure involves weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Tetra-μ-acetato-κ4 O:O′;κ3 O,O′:O′;κ3 O:O,O′-bis­[(acetato-κ2 O,O′)(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)europium(III)]

In the title centrosymmetric dinuclear EuIII complex, [Eu2(CH3COO)6(C12H8N2)2], each EuIII cation is coordinated by seven O atoms from five acetate anions and two N atoms from one phenanthroline ligand in a distorted tricapped trigonal-prismatic geometry. Four acetate anions bridge two EuIII cations to form the dinuclear complex, with an Eu⋯Eu distance of 3.9409 (8) Å. Weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure

Carotid and cerebrovascular disease in symptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes: assessment of prevalence and plaque morphology by dual-source computed tomography angiography

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Plaque morphology directly correlates with risk of embolism and the recently developed dual-source computed tomography angiography (DSCTA) may help to detect plaques more precisely. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence and morphology of carotid and cerebrovascular atherosclerotic plaques in patients with symptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) by DSCTA.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From July 2009 to August 2010, DSCTA was prospectively performed in 125 consecutive patients with symptomatic type 2 DM. We retrospectively analyzed plaque type, distribution, and extensive and obstructive natures were determined for each segment for all patients.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Atherosclerotic plaques were detected in 114 (91.2%) patients. Relatively more noncalcified (45%) and calcified (39%) plaques and less mixed (16%) plaques were observed (p < 0.001). Noncalcified plaques were found mainly in the intracranial arteries (81.8%), mixed plaques in the intracranial arteries (25.2%) and intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) (56.1%). Calcified plaques were found mainly in the intracranial ICA (65.9%) and extracranial arteries (28.2%) (for all, p < 0.001). Extension of plaques from the 1^stto 5^thsegments was observed in 67 (58.8%) patients and from the 6^thto 10^thsegments in 35 (30.7%) patients. The most common site of all detected plaques was the cavernous segment. Regarding stenosis, there were significantly more nonobstructive than obstructive stenosis (91% vs. 9%, p < 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>DSCTA detected a high prevalence of plaques in patients with symptomatic type 2 DM. A relatively high proportion of plaques were noncalcified, as well as with nonobstructive stenosis. The distribution of plaques was extensive, with the cavernous portion of ICA being the most common site.</p