512 research outputs found
Bold but Cautious: Unlocking the Potential of Personalized Federated Learning through Cautiously Aggressive Collaboration
Personalized federated learning (PFL) reduces the impact of non-independent
and identically distributed (non-IID) data among clients by allowing each
client to train a personalized model when collaborating with others. A key
question in PFL is to decide which parameters of a client should be localized
or shared with others. In current mainstream approaches, all layers that are
sensitive to non-IID data (such as classifier layers) are generally
personalized. The reasoning behind this approach is understandable, as
localizing parameters that are easily influenced by non-IID data can prevent
the potential negative effect of collaboration. However, we believe that this
approach is too conservative for collaboration. For example, for a certain
client, even if its parameters are easily influenced by non-IID data, it can
still benefit by sharing these parameters with clients having similar data
distribution. This observation emphasizes the importance of considering not
only the sensitivity to non-IID data but also the similarity of data
distribution when determining which parameters should be localized in PFL. This
paper introduces a novel guideline for client collaboration in PFL. Unlike
existing approaches that prohibit all collaboration of sensitive parameters,
our guideline allows clients to share more parameters with others, leading to
improved model performance. Additionally, we propose a new PFL method named
FedCAC, which employs a quantitative metric to evaluate each parameter's
sensitivity to non-IID data and carefully selects collaborators based on this
evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate that FedCAC enables clients to
share more parameters with others, resulting in superior performance compared
to state-of-the-art methods, particularly in scenarios where clients have
diverse distributions.Comment: Accepted by ICCV202
Searching for radio pulsation from SGR 1935+2154 with the Parkes Ultra-Wideband Low receiver
Magnetars have been proposed to be the origin of FRBs soon after its initial
discovery. The detection of the first Galactic FRB 20200428 from SGR 1935+2154
has made this hypothesis more convincing. In October 2020, this source was
supposed to be in an extremely active state again. We then carried out a
1.6-hours follow-up observation of SGR 1935+2154 using the new ultra-wideband
low (UWL) receiver of the Parkes 64\,m radio telescope covering a frequency
range of 7044032 MHz. However, no convincing signal was detected in either
of our single pulse or periodicity searches. We obtained a limit on the flux
density of periodic signal of using the full 3.3GHz bandwidth
data sets, which is the strictest limit for that of SGR 1935+2154. Our full
bandwidth limit on the single pulses fluence is 35mJy ms, which is well below
the brightest single pulses detected by the FAST radio telescope just two
before our observation. Assuming that SGR 1935+2154 is active during our
observation, our results suggest that its radio bursts are either intrinsically
narrowband or show a steep spectrum
Generative-based Fusion Mechanism for Multi-Modal Tracking
Generative models (GMs) have received increasing research interest for their
remarkable capacity to achieve comprehensive understanding. However, their
potential application in the domain of multi-modal tracking has remained
relatively unexplored. In this context, we seek to uncover the potential of
harnessing generative techniques to address the critical challenge, information
fusion, in multi-modal tracking. In this paper, we delve into two prominent GM
techniques, namely, Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (CGANs) and
Diffusion Models (DMs). Different from the standard fusion process where the
features from each modality are directly fed into the fusion block, we
condition these multi-modal features with random noise in the GM framework,
effectively transforming the original training samples into harder instances.
This design excels at extracting discriminative clues from the features,
enhancing the ultimate tracking performance. To quantitatively gauge the
effectiveness of our approach, we conduct extensive experiments across two
multi-modal tracking tasks, three baseline methods, and three challenging
benchmarks. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed
generative-based fusion mechanism achieves state-of-the-art performance,
setting new records on LasHeR and RGBD1K
The human parvovirus B19 non-structural protein 1 N-terminal domain specifically binds to the origin of replication in the viral DNA
The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of human parvovirus B19 plays a critical role in viral DNA replication. Previous studies identified the origin of replication in the viral DNA, which contains four DNA elements, namely NSBE1 to NSBE4, that are required for optimal viral replication (Guan et al, 2009, J. Virology, 83, 9541-9553). Here we have demonstrated in vitro that the NS1 N-terminal domain (NS1N) binds to the origin of replication in a sequence-specific, length-dependent manner that requires NSBE1 and NSBE2, while NSBE3 and NSBE4 are dispensable. Mutagenesis analysis has identified nucleotides in NSBE1 and NSBE2 that are critical for NS1N binding. These results suggest that NS1 binds to the NSBE1-NSBE2 region in the origin of replication, while NSBE3 and NSBE4 may provide binding sites for potential cellular factors. Such a specialized nucleoprotein complex may enable NS1 to nick the terminal resolution site and separate DNA strands during replication
The human parvovirus B19 non-structural protein 1 N-terminal domain specifically binds to the origin of replication in the viral DNA
The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of human parvovirus B19 plays a critical role in viral DNA replication. Previous studies identified the origin of replication in the viral DNA, which contains four DNA elements, namely NSBE1 to NSBE4, that are required for optimal viral replication (Guan et al, 2009, J. Virology, 83, 9541-9553). Here we have demonstrated in vitro that the NS1 N-terminal domain (NS1N) binds to the origin of replication in a sequence-specific, length-dependent manner that requires NSBE1 and NSBE2, while NSBE3 and NSBE4 are dispensable. Mutagenesis analysis has identified nucleotides in NSBE1 and NSBE2 that are critical for NS1N binding. These results suggest that NS1 binds to the NSBE1-NSBE2 region in the origin of replication, while NSBE3 and NSBE4 may provide binding sites for potential cellular factors. Such a specialized nucleoprotein complex may enable NS1 to nick the terminal resolution site and separate DNA strands during replication
LIDER: cell embedding based deep neural network classifier for supervised cell type identification
Background Automatic cell type identification has been an urgent task for the rapid development of single-cell RNA-seq techniques. Generally, the current approach for cell type identification is to generate cell clusters by unsupervised clustering and later assign labels to each cell cluster with manual annotation. Methods Here, we introduce LIDER (celL embeddIng based Deep nEural netwoRk classifier), a deep supervised learning method that combines cell embedding and deep neural network classifier for automatic cell type identification. Based on a stacked denoising autoencoder with a tailored and reconstructed loss function, LIDER identifies cell embedding and predicts cell types with a deep neural network classifier. LIDER was developed upon a stacked denoising autoencoder to learn encoder-decoder structures for identifying cell embedding. Results LIDER accurately identifies cell types by using stacked denoising autoencoder. Benchmarking against state-of-the-art methods across eight types of single-cell data, LIDER achieves comparable or even superior enhancement performance. Moreover, LIDER suggests comparable robust to batch effects. Our results show a potential in deep supervised learning for automatic cell type identification of single-cell RNA-seq data. The LIDER codes are available at https://github.com/ShiMGLab/LIDER
Plasma noise in TianQin time delay interferometry
TianQin is a proposed geocentric space-based gravitational wave observatory
mission, which requires time-delay interferometry (TDI) to cancel laser
frequency noise. With high demands for precision, solar-wind plasma environment
at km above the Earth may constitute a non-negligible noise source
to laser interferometric measurements between satellites, as charged particles
perturb the refractivity along light paths. In this paper, we first assess the
plasma noises along single links from space-weather models and numerical
orbits, and analyze the time and frequency domain characteristics.
Particularly, to capture the plasma noise in the entire measurement band of
Hz, we have performed additional space-weather
magnetohydrodynamic simulations in finer spatial and temporal resolutions and
utilized Kolmogorov spectra in high-frequency data generation. Then we evaluate
the residual plasma noises of the first- and second-generation TDI
combinations. Both analytical and numerical estimations have shown that under
normal solar conditions the plasma noise after TDI is less than the secondary
noise requirement. Moreover, TDI is shown to exhibit moderate suppression on
the plasma noise below Hz due to noise correlation between
different arms, when compared with the secondary noise before and after TDI.Comment: 12 pages, 15 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev.
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