Vocational education in engineering in the information age

Learning new skills or acquiring new knowledge is becoming part of life for most adults. Indeed, the paradigm of life-long learning has found advocates not only in individuals but also policy-makers. In the information age, life-long learning will be increasingly dependent on the successful application of information and communication technology. This paper outlines recent curriculum developments of this department, highlighting information technology applications for course delivery and management. In catering for the changing needs of local industry, the department seeks to establish partnership with local companies, aiming to expand the department’s scope on life-long learning provision at the same time

Capital Budgeting Evaluation Practices of Building Contractors in Hong Kong

This paper reports the results of an investigation into capital budgeting evaluation practicesin the construction industry of Hong Kong. The aim of this study was to identify thepopularity and extent of usage of various techniques for capital budget evaluation, investmentappraisal, risk analysis, and management science. The current study was comparedwith a similar survey conducted in 1994 to establish the changes in the capital budgetingevaluation practices of contracting firms over time. The results indicate that there was ageneral increase in the popularity and extent of usage in certain capital budget evaluationtechniques such as “best/worst estimate” and “formal financial evaluation”. In addition,the evaluation techniques examined were fitted into a discriminant function analysis (DFA),and a model has been developed which allows contracting firms to be classified accordingto their predominant characteristics in capital budget evaluation

Monitoring the strength gain of structural adhesives using the electromechanical impedance technique: An experimental investigation

Structural adhesives are employed to externally bond fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites onto concrete structures for repair and strengthening purposes. The strength development of the bond layer is important to ensure the overall performance of the FRP-strengthened system. The non-destructive piezoelectric-based monitoring technique, namely the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique, is introduced to monitor the strength gain of structural adhesives. In this study, the curing process of the commercially available structural adhesive, Sikadur 330, was monitored using the EMI technique. Throughout the experimental study, the 7-day strength gain of the adhesive was observed from the movement of acquired frequency peaks. The frequency peaks moved noticeably to the right for the first 24 hours. After that, the rate of movement decreased significantly. An empirical equation is established to correlate the tensile strength of the adhesive to the acquired resonance frequency for different curing durations. The current study shows the capability of the EMI technique to monitor the strength gain of structural adhesives, particularly at an early age of curing

Monitoring the curing process of structural adhesives using the electromechanical impedance technique: A numerical investigation

Structural adhesives act as a bonding agent to externally bond fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites onto existing structures for strengthening purposes. The performance of FRP-strengthened systems are therefore affected by the strength and stiffness of the structural adhesive layer. The lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique was employed in this study to monitor the stiffness development process of structural adhesives. A finite element model was developed to investigate the interaction between the PZT patches and the structural adhesive throughout the curing process. The dynamic elastic modulus of the structural adhesives can be predicted from the simulated EMI signatures. The EMI signatures were compared with experimental results for verification purposes. An empirical equation was established to predict the elastic modulus of structural adhesives from the resonance frequency. The current study can be extended by developing a model that predicts the tensile strength of structural adhesives at different curing durations

Education in IT Security: A Case Study in Banking Industry

The banking industry has been changing incessantlyand facing new combination of risks. Data protection andcorporate security is now one of the major issues in bankingindustry. As the rapid changing on technologies from time totime, the industry should be aware on new technologies in orderto protect information assets and prevent fraud activities. Thispaper begins with literature study of information security issuesand followed by focused-group interviews with five participantswithin the industry and survey analysis of “The global state ofInformation Security survey 2013” which published byPriceWaterhouseCoopers (PWC). Trends and questions werediscussed as well as possible solution. The study suggests that ITsecurity education should be made to different level of staffs suchas executives, professional and general staffs. Besides, thebanking industry should increase company-wide securityawareness and the importance of corporate security which keepthe information and physical assets secure and in a proper way

Effect of electronic angular momentum exchange on photoelectron anisotropy following the two-colour ionization of krypton atoms

We present photoelectron energy and angular distributions for resonant two-photon ionization via several low-lying Rydberg states of atomic Kr. The experiments were performed by using synchrotron radiation to pump the Rydberg states and a continuous wave laser to probe them. Photoelectron images, recorded with both linear and circular polarized pump and probe light, were obtained in coincidence with mass-analyzed Kr ions. The photoelectron angular distributions and branching ratios for direct ionization into the Kr+ 2P3/2 and 2P1/2 spin-orbit continua show considerable dependence on the intermediate level, as well as on the polarizations of the pump and probe light. Photoelectron angular distributions were also recorded with several polarization combinations following two-colour excitation of the (2P1/2)5f[5/2]2 autoionizing resonance. These results are compared with the results of recent work on the corresponding autoionizing resonance in atomic Xe

New insights into the role of soluble E-cadherin in tumor angiogenesis

A key to successful metastasis is the formation of new vasculature, known as angiogenesis. Therefore, it is of great interest to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis. Cadherins are a major class of cell surface receptors. The loss of cadherins, especially E-cadherin, is a well-established marker for tumor metastasis. Loss of E-cadherin is also a defining characteristic of several carcinomas, such as lobular carcinoma of the breast, and de-differentiated endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary, which are known to be associated with more aggressive tumor behavior. Although E-cadherin is synthesized as a transmembrane molecule, its extracellular domain can be enzymatically cleaved off and released as a soluble E-cadherin (sE-cad), and this accounts for the loss of E-cadherin function or expression that has been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. Importantly, sE-cad is present at high levels in the serum and malignant ascites of ovarian carcinoma patients. Nevertheless, little is known about how this essential protein dictates metastasis. Hitherto, many studies have given attention only to the dominant negative role of the loss of E-cadherin in weakening cell-cell adhesion, however, it is not known if sE-cad has biological activity in itself. In addition, the release mechanism of sE-cad has remained elusive. Here we show for the first time that sE-cad is a pivotal regulator of angiogenesis. We further show that exosomes are a novel major platform for the cleavage and release of sE-cad in vitro, in vivo and in patients’ derived samples (Nat Commun, 9: 2270)

Stemness and chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells under shear stress

One of greatest challenges to the successful treatment of cancer is drug resistance. An exciting approach is the eradication of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, little is known about key signals regulating the formation and expansion of CSCs. Moreover, lack of a reliable predictive preclinical model has been a major obstacle to discover new cancer drugs and predict their clinical activity. Here, in ovarian cancer, a highly chemoresistant tumor that is rapidly fatal, we provide the first evidence demonstrating the causal involvement of mechanical stimulus in the CSC phenotype using a customizable microfluidic platform and three-dimensional spheroids, which most closely mimic tumor behavior. We found that ovarian cancer cells significantly acquired the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and CSC markers and a remarkable chemoresistance to clinically relevant doses of frontline chemotherapeutic drugs cisplatin and paclitaxel when grown under fluid shear stress, which corroborates with the physiological attainable levels in the malignant ascites, but not under static condition. Furthermore, we uncovered a new link of microRNA-199a-3p, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, and multidrug transporter activation in shear stress-induced CSC enrichment. Our findings shed new light on the significance of hydrodynamics in cancer progression, emphasizing the need of a flow-informed framework in the development of therapeutics