Patterns Of Intra-Operative Opioid Dosing By Anaesthesiologist; Do They Reflect Patient’s Analgesic Need?

While it is recommended to employ multimodal analgesic techniques whenever possible, often strong opioids remain the mainstay of perioperative analgesics. We conducted a pilot observation study to look into patterns and factors affecting intraoperative opioid dosing by anaesthesiologists, and compared that to postoperative opioid dosing by adult patients. We found that intraoperative opioid dosing by anaesthesiologists was not associated with patient’s weight, gender nor the types of surgery. The age of the patient was weakly associated with intraoperative opioid dosing by the anaesthesiologist at a regression coefficient of -0.091 (95%CI -0.181, -0.001), p=0.048. Within the first six hours postoperatively, 33% of patients from spine surgery group actually dosed themselves more than what the anaesthesiologist did intraoperatively, 21.4% for peripheral limb surgery group and 3.2% in abdominal surgery group. Our study highlighted the possibility of under-dosing of opioids by anaesthesiologists in these subgroups and failure to apply multimodal analgesia in our daily anaesthetic care

Three-dimensional character of the deformation twin in magnesium

Deformation twins are three-dimensional domains, traditionally viewed as ellipsoids because of their two-dimensional lenticular sections. In this work, we performed statistical analysis of twin shapes viewing along three orthogonal directions: the ‘dark side’ (DS) view along the twin shear direction (η1), the twinning plane normal (TPN) view (k1) and the ‘bright side’ (BS) view along the direction λ(=k1 × η1). Our electron back-scatter diffraction results show that twins in the DS and BS views normally exhibit a lenticular shape, whereas they show an irregular shape in the TPN view. Moreover, the findings in the TPN view revealed that twins grow faster along λ the lateral direction than along η1 the forward propagation direction at the initial stages of twin growth. These twin sections are irregular, indicating that growth is locally controlled and the overall shape is not perfectly ellipsoidal. We explain these findings using atomistic models, and ascribe them to differences in the mobility of the edge and screw components of the twinning dislocations

Exogenous application of plant growth regulators induce chilling tolerance in direct seeded super and non-super rice seedlings through modulations in morpho-physiological attributes

Recently, super rice has gained much importance due to its high yield potential while exogenous application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is an important aspect in plant development and defense responses under stress conditions. In this study we conducted two pot experiments. Firstly, four super rice cultivars, viz. Peizataifeng, Huayou 213, Yuxiangyouzhan and Huahang 31 were subjected to a series of five chilling temperatures, i.e. 11 °C, 12 °C, 13 °C, 14 °C and 15 °C (day/night) for about 25–27 days. Secondly, seeds of Peizataifeng (super rice) and Yuejingsimiao 2 (non-super rice) were then treated with different combinations of salicylic acid (SA), brassinolide (BR), calcium chloride (CaCl2) and fulvic acid (FA) and then exposed to chilling stress at 13 °C for four days. Resultantly, Peizataifen (super rice) was found with the lowest seedling survival rate at all chilling temperatures among all four super rice cultivars, however, it was still found more resistant when compared with Yuejingsimiao 2 (non-super rice) in the second experiment. Furthermore synergistic effect of all PGRs alleviated low temperature stress in both rice cultivars by improving seedling survival rates, leaf area, seedling dry weight, seedling height, root morphology and by modulating antioxidant enzymes, improving proline content and lowering lipid peroxidation

Scaling determination of the nonlinear I-V characteristics for 2D superconducting networks

It is shown from computer simulations that the current-voltage ($I$-$V$) characteristics for the two-dimensional XY model with resistively-shunted Josephson junction dynamics and Monte Carlo dynamics obeys a finite-size scaling form from which the nonlinear $I$-$V$ exponent $a$ can be determined to good precision. This determination supports the conclusion $a=z+1$, where $z$ is the dynamic critical exponent. The results are discussed in the light of the contrary conclusion reached by Tang and Chen [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 67}, 024508 (2003)] and the possibility of a breakdown of scaling suggested by Bormann [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 78}, 4324 (1997)].Comment: 6 pages, to appear in PR

Tensor Correlations Measured in 3He(e,e'pp)n

We have measured the 3He(e,e'pp)n reaction at an incident energy of 4.7 GeV over a wide kinematic range. We identified spectator correlated pp and pn nucleon pairs using kinematic cuts and measured their relative and total momentum distributions. This is the first measurement of the ratio of pp to pn pairs as a function of pair total momentum, $p_{tot}$. For pair relative momenta between 0.3 and 0.5 GeV/c, the ratio is very small at low $p_{tot}$ and rises to approximately 0.5 at large $p_{tot}$. This shows the dominance of tensor over central correlations at this relative momentum.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR

Electro-osmotic flow of couple stress fluids in a microchannel propagated by peristalsis

A mathematical model is developed for electro-osmotic peristaltic pumping of a non-Newtonian liquid in a deformable micro-channel. Stokes’ couple stress fluid model is deployed to represent realistic working liquids. The Poisson-Boltzmann equation for electric potential distribution is implemented owing to the presence of an electrical double layer (EDL) in the micro-channel. Using long wavelength, lubrication theory and Debye-Huckel approximations, the linearized transformed dimensionless boundary value problem is solved analytically. The influence of electro-osmotic parameter (inversely proportional to Debye length), maximum electro-osmotic velocity (a function of external applied electrical field) and couple stress parameter on axial velocity, volumetric flow rate, pressure gradient, local wall shear stress and stream function distributions is evaluated in detail with the aid of graphs. The Newtonian fluid case is retrieved as a special case with vanishing couple stress effects. With increasing couple stress parameter there is a significant elevation in axial pressure gradient whereas the core axial velocity is reduced. An increase in electro-osmotic parameter induces both flow acceleration in the core region (around the channel centreline) and also enhances axial pressure gradient substantially. The study is relevant to simulation of novel smart bio-inspired space pumps, chromatography and medical microscale devices

Measurement of the nuclear multiplicity ratio for Ks0K^0_s hadronization at CLAS

The influence of cold nuclear matter on lepto-production of hadrons in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering is measured using the CLAS detector in Hall B at Jefferson Lab and a 5.014 GeV electron beam. We report the $K_s^0$ multiplicity ratios for targets of C, Fe, and Pb relative to deuterium as a function of the fractional virtual photon energy $z$ transferred to the $K_s^0$ and the transverse momentum squared $p_{T}^2$ of the $K_s^0$. We find that the multiplicity ratios for $K^0_s$ are reduced in the nuclear medium at high $z$ and low $p_{T}^2$, with a trend for the $K^0_s$ transverse momentum to be broadened in the nucleus for large $p_{T}^2$.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Lett.

Measurements of the Mass and Full-Width of the ηc\eta_c Meson

In a sample of 58 million $J/\psi$ events collected with the BES II detector, the process J/$\psi\to\gamma\eta_c$ is observed in five different decay channels: $\gamma K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-$, $\gamma\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$, $\gamma K^\pm K^0_S \pi^\mp$ (with $K^0_S\to\pi^+\pi^-$), $\gamma \phi\phi$ (with $\phi\to K^+K^-$) and $\gamma p\bar{p}$. From a combined fit of all five channels, we determine the mass and full-width of $\eta_c$ to be $m_{\eta_c}=2977.5\pm1.0 ({stat.})\pm1.2 ({syst.})$ MeV/$c^2$ and $\Gamma_{\eta_c} = 17.0\pm3.7 ({stat.})\pm7.4 ({syst.})$ MeV/$c^2$.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures and 4 table. Submitted to Phys. Lett.