202 research outputs found
Negative attitudes towards robots vary by the occupation of robots
The "negative attitudes towards robots scale" (NARS) has been widely applied in the field of robot-human interaction. However, the various occupations and roles of robots have not been discussed when studying negative attitudes towards robots. This study explores whether the occupation of robots could influence people's negative attitudes towards them. For the first time, two types of robots that may be widely used were used in a NARS-related study. We conducted online questionnaire research, covering three separate parts: negative attitudes towards robots, negative attitudes towards service robots, and negative attitudes towards security robots. The results of the online survey collected from 114 participants (54 females and 60 males) highlighted differences among the scores of people's negative attitudes towards service robots and the negative attitudes towards robots or security robots. People showed the lowest negative attitudes towards service robots. There were no significant differences between the negative attitudes towards robots and security robots. This study supports the hypothesis that people show different levels of negative attitudes towards different types of robots in terms of occupational division. These results provide a helpful indicator for the study and design of robots in various occupations in the robotics industry
MVP: Multi-task Supervised Pre-training for Natural Language Generation
Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have achieved remarkable success in
natural language generation (NLG) tasks. Up to now, most NLG-oriented PLMs are
pre-trained in an unsupervised manner using the large-scale general corpus. In
the meanwhile, an increasing number of models pre-trained with labeled data
(i.e. "supervised pre-training") showcase superior performance compared to
unsupervised pre-trained models. Motivated by the success of supervised
pre-training, we propose Multi-task superVised Pre-training (MVP) for natural
language generation. We collect a large-scale natural language generation
corpus, MVPCorpus, from datasets over diverse NLG tasks. Then we
unify these examples into a general text-to-text format to pre-train the text
generation model MVP in a supervised manner. For each task, we further
pre-train specific soft prompts to stimulate the model's capacity to perform a
specific task. Our MVP model can be seen as a practice that utilizes recent
instruction tuning on relatively small PLMs. Extensive experiments have
demonstrated the effectiveness and generality of our MVP model in a number of
NLG tasks, which achieves state-of-the-art performance on out of
datasets, outperforming BART by and Flan-T5 by .Comment: Accepted by ACL 202
BAMBOO: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating Long Text Modeling Capacities of Large Language Models
Large language models (LLMs) have achieved dramatic proficiency over NLP
tasks with normal length. Recently, multiple studies have committed to
extending the context length and enhancing the long text modeling capabilities
of LLMs. To comprehensively evaluate the long context ability of LLMs, we
propose BAMBOO, a multi-task long context benchmark. BAMBOO has been designed
with four principles: comprehensive capacity evaluation, avoidance of data
contamination, accurate automatic evaluation, and different length levels. It
consists of 10 datasets from 5 different long text understanding tasks, i.e.
question answering, hallucination detection, text sorting, language modeling,
and code completion, to cover core capacities and various domains of LLMs. We
conduct experiments with five long context models on BAMBOO and further discuss
four key research questions of long text. We also qualitatively analyze current
long context models and point out future directions for enhancing long text
modeling capacities. We release our data, prompts, and code at
https://github.com/RUCAIBox/BAMBOO
Learning to Imagine: Visually-Augmented Natural Language Generation
People often imagine relevant scenes to aid in the writing process. In this
work, we aim to utilize visual information for composition in the same manner
as humans. We propose a method, LIVE, that makes pre-trained language models
(PLMs) Learn to Imagine for Visuallyaugmented natural language gEneration.
First, we imagine the scene based on the text: we use a diffusion model to
synthesize high-quality images conditioned on the input texts. Second, we use
CLIP to determine whether the text can evoke the imagination in a posterior
way. Finally, our imagination is dynamic, and we conduct synthesis for each
sentence rather than generate only one image for an entire paragraph.
Technically, we propose a novel plug-and-play fusion layer to obtain
visually-augmented representations for each text. Our vision-text fusion layer
is compatible with Transformerbased architecture. We have conducted extensive
experiments on four generation tasks using BART and T5, and the automatic
results and human evaluation demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed
method. We will release the code, model, and data at the link:
https://github.com/RUCAIBox/LIVE.Comment: Accepted by ACL 202
What Are the Effects of Self-Regulation Phases and Strategies for Chinese Students? A Meta-Analysis of Two Decades Research of the Association Between Self-Regulation and Academic Performance
Background: Self-regulated learning refers to the monitoring and controlling of one's own cognitive performance before, during, and after a learning episode. Previous literature suggested that self-regulated learning had a significant relationship with academic achievement, but not all self-regulated learning strategies exerted the same influences. Using an invalid strategy may waste the limited psychological resources, which will cause the ego depletion effect. The present meta-analysis study intended to search for the best self-regulated learning strategies and inefficient strategies for Chinese students in elementary and secondary school, and analyzed the critical phases of self-regulated learning according to Zimmerman's theory. The moderating effects of gender, grade, and publication year were also analyzed.Methods: Empirical studies which conducted in real teaching situations of elementary and secondary education were systematically searched using Chinese academic databases. Studies focused on undergraduate students, students of special education, or online learning environments were excluded. Fifty-five cross-sectional studies and four intervention studies (which generated 264 independent samples) were included with a total sample size of 23,497 participants. Random effects model was chosen in the current meta-analysis, and publication bias was also examined.Results: The results indicated that the overall effect size of self-regulated learning on academic achievement was small for primary and secondary school students in China. The effect sizes of self-efficacy, task strategies, and self-evaluation were relatively higher than other strategies. Self-regulated learning strategies have the largest effect size on science disciplines (including mathematics and physics). Performance phase and self-reflection phase are key phases of self-regulated learning. From 1998 to 2016, the effect size between self-regulated learning and academic achievement was gradually decreasing.Conclusions: The main findings of the current study showed that self-efficacy, task strategies, and self-evaluation were key self-regulated learning strategies for Chinese students. Performance phase and self-reflection phase played significant roles in the process of self-regulated learning. Future studies need to include more intervention studies with rigorous treatment fidelity control and provide more empirical evidence from online learning, so as to compare the different effects of self-regulated learning between traditional education and online education
The apparent focal depth, emergence angle, and take-off angle of seismic wave measured by YRY-4-type borehole strainmeter as one kind of strain seismograph
Introduction: In theory, the observation objects and principles of strain seismograph and traditional pendulum seismograph are different, and the characteristics of observed signals should also be dissimilar. The observation results of pendulum seismograph show that seismic waves in inhomogeneous media will undergo refraction, reflection, and attenuation. Then, what signal characteristics can be detected by strain seismograph is great significance for understanding and explaining the observation results.Methods: Using YRY-4 type four-gauge borehole strainmeter as one kind of strain seismograph to detect the strain tensor change of the plane seismic wave emitted from the surface, a five-site strain seismograph observation network was built in Shanxi Province, with continuous observation for 2Â years at a sampling rate of 100Â Hz. In this paper, two local events occurring in the area covered by the strain seismograph observation network are taken as examples. We systematically studied the characteristics of seismic wave signals recorded by strain seismographs at five sites, inverted for the focal depth of the two local earthquakes and the relationship between the wave velocity and the wave velocity gradient of the focal depth, and calculated the apparent focal depth, the emergence angle and the take-off angle of seismic waves.Results: These results show stable uniqueness and apparent regularity, especially since the inverted focal depths are basically consistent with the seismic solutions based on those traditional pendulum seismographs. The observations from this study show that the strain seismograph can be used as an effective supplement to the pendulum seismograph.Discussion: In the future, we will continue to study the rupture process and focal mechanism of moderate-strong earthquakes and teleseismic earthquakes by combining two kinds of observations
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