106,605 research outputs found
Understanding Consumer Behaviour to Reduce Environmental Impacts through Sustainable Product Design
The use phase of the lifecycle of electrical products has a significant environmental impact, mainly determined by the consumer’s behaviour. Many consumers do not make the link between their daily consumption behaviour in the household and environmental problems such as climate change. In the 21st century, the residential sector, together with transport and industry, is one of the largest man-made contributors in the UK to climate change. It is argued that technological innovations, current eco-efficient products and consumer education have been ineffective in creating the long term radical behavioural change needed to reduce the impact of product use. Products, as the interface between consumers and consumption activities, have the potential to influence the way in which consumption occurs. In the sustainable design field however, designer responsibility traditionally considers raw material selection and product disposal. There is limited work that addresses the environmental impacts relating directly to use behaviour of the product.
This paper illustrates that user behaviour studies can be the preliminary step for designers to improve energy efficiency of products. A single product type, household cold appliance, was chosen as a case to explore the capacity of designer-conducted user study to identify unsustainable aspects of product use. Adopting a user-centred approach, two pilot studies were used to gain an insight into domestic fridge and freezer use in the UK. Qualitative ethnographical research methods were employed to investigate the daily practices and “real” needs of user as well as the connection between the knowledge, attitudes, intention and actual action. The design suggestions drawn from the user behaviour analysis provide examples of how energy impact level of the interaction with the product can be reduced through design.
Keywords:
User-Centred Research; Sustainable Product Design; Changing Consumer Behaviour; Design Research; Household Energy Consumption; Household Cold Appliance.</p
Flow and non-flow correlations from four-particle multiplets in STAR
Elliptic flow results are presented for Au + Au collisions at
GeV in RHIC. This signal is investigated as a function of transverse
momentum, rapidity and centrality. Results from four-particle correlation
analysis, which can filter out contributions to the flow signal from
correlations unrelated to the event reaction plane (``non-flow''), are
presented and compared to the conventional method, in which non-flow effects
are treated as part of the systematic uncertainty.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, uses the class "aipproc
Diffusion-Controlled Electron Transfer Processes and Power-Law Statistics of Fluorescence Intermittency of Nanoparticles
A mechanism involving diffusion-controlled electron transfer processes in Debye and non-Debye dielectric media is proposed to elucidate the power-law distribution for the lifetime of a blinking quantum dot. This model leads to two complementary regimes of power law with a sum of the exponents equal to 2, and to a specific value for the exponent in terms of a distribution of the diffusion correlation times. It also links the exponential bending tail with energetic and kinetic parameters
Determination of energetics and kinetics from single-particle intermittency and ensemble-averaged fluorescence intensity decay of quantum dots
Quantification of energetics and kinetics for the band-edge exciton states of quantum dots and the long-lived dark state is important for better understanding of the underlying mechanism for single-particle intermittency and ensemble fluorescence intensity decay. Based on a multistate diffusion-reaction model by extending our previous studies, we analyze experimental data from ensemble measurements and fluorescence intermittency of single quantum dots and determine important molecular-based quantities such as Stokes shift, free energy gap, activation energy, reorganization energy, and other kinetic parameters
Chain dynamics and power-law distance fluctuations of single-molecule systems
Chain-dynamics-induced distance fluctuations between any two points in a finite chain with or without cross links are investigated. This model leads to three regimes of temporal behavior for distance autocorrelation: (i) initial flat time dependence, (ii) t–alpha power law, and (iii) long-time exponential decay. For an ideal Rouse chain with frequency-independent friction, alpha=(1/2). The span of the characteristic power-law behavior of a long chain could be reduced significantly with the presence of cross links
A co-operating solver approach to building simulation
This paper describes the co-operating solver approach to building simulation as encapsulated within the ESP-r system. Possible adaptations are then considered to accommodate new functional requirements
- …