The use of the pcr-rapd technique in improving the plant variety rights description of a new queensland apple (malus domestica) cultivar

A new early maturing Queensland apple cultivar (GB 63-43), has been differentiated from 3 cultivars of similar appearance, Summerdel, Jonathan and Royal Gala with a molecular technique. The Polymerase Chain Reaction and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA procedures have shown the presence of a DNA band of about 700 bp only in the 3 comparator cultivars when the primer M-4 (5' GGCGGTTGTC 3') is used. This distinguishing band can be used to support existing published Plant Variety Rights data with the advantage that trees can be sampled even when dormant or are too young to bear fruit. Additionally, false identification due to variations in tree and fruit characteristics caused by environmental influences is avoided as the techniques directly measure variations in the apple DNA

Heritability and Patterns of Inheritance of the Ripening Date of Apples

A major objective of the apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) breeding program in Stanthorpe, Australia, is to develop early ripening, high-quality cultivars. The heritability and inheritance of ripening date was investigated. Regression of offspring on midparent harvest dates and estimation of best linear unbiased predictions for parents were used to demonstrate that apple harvest date is highly heritable. Predominantly, additive genetic components of variance are responsible for the variation. Despite the existence of some specific combining ability variance and some non-normal family distributions, the best strategy for a breeder to predict the harvest date of progeny is to calculate the mean harvest date of parent

The interrelation of twenty-first-century education and work from a gender perspective

This paper analyses the interrelation of twenty-first-century education and work from a gender perspective. The analysis is carried out theoretically by asking whether human capital theory and Bourdieu's reproduction theory are adequate instruments for such an endeavour. It is argued that the explanatory power of the human capital concept of the interrelation between education and work is extremely weak, because the human capital concept conceals costs necessary to create human capital. In contrast, reproduction theory comprehends investments in education through reproductive work. But, reproduction theory fails short to explain ongoing gender hierarchies within employment. Therefore, analysis of social and societal structure needs to go beyond the focus on education and work to explain the maintenance of gender hierarchies