ガンダーラの仏教彫刻と生天思想

早大学位記番号:新6993早稲田大

<判例研究> 民法上の組合の組合員が組合の事業に係る作業に従事して支払いを受けた収入に係る所得が給与所得に該当するとされた事例 : りんご生産組合事件

最高裁平成13年7月13日第二小法廷判決、平成12年（行ツ）第13号所得税更正処分取消請求上告事件、破棄自判、訟月48巻7号1831頁、判タ1073号139

Characteristics of the Excited Triplet States of Thiolated Guanosine Derivatives and Singlet Oxygen Generation

Thioguanine is sensitive to UVA light and generates singlet molecular oxygen (1O2*) when exposed to UVA. Three thioguanosine derivatives, 2’,3’,5’–tri–O–acetyl–6–thioguanosine (ta6TGuo), 2’,3’,5’–tri–O–acetyl–8–thioguanosine (ta8TGuo), and 2’,3’,5’–tri–O–acetyl–6,8–dithioguanosine (taDTGuo) were explored photophysically and photochemically. The nanosecond transient absorption and time–resolved near–infrared emission measurements were carried out to investigate the characteristics of their excited triplet states in acetonitrile solution. The quantum yield of intersystem crossing (∅ISC), the intrinsic decay rate constant (k0), the quenching rate constant by 3O2 (kq) and the self–quenching rate constant (kSQ) of their triplet states were all determined. From precise analysis of the quantum yield of 1O2* generation (∅Δ) against the concentration of dissolved molecular oxygen, the fraction of the triplet states quenched by dissolved oxygen which gives rise to 1O2* formation (SΔ) was successfully obtained with high accuracy. The ∅Δ values at low oxygen concentrations reveal these thioguanosines, particularly taDTGuo, can still effectively generate 1O2* under low molecular oxygen concentration like carcinomatous microenvironments. These findings indicate that taDTGuo would perform well as a potential agent for photo–induced cancer therapies

Inverse gene expression of prostacyclin and thromboxane synthases in resident and activated peritoneal macrophages 1The nucleotide sequence reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBank/DDBJ/EMBL Data Bank under the accession number AB001607.1

AbstractProstacyclin and thromboxaneA2 produced from prostaglandinH2 are known to be important modulators with opposite biological activities. To examine possible roles of these prostanoids in immune responses, we have studied the gene expression of prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) and thromboxane synthase (TXS) in murine resident macrophages or in macrophages elicited with casein or bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Northern blot analyses showed that the PGIS mRNA was expressed in a decreasing order in the resident, and casein- and BCG-elicited macrophages. In contrast, the TXS mRNA was expressed in an increasing order in the resident, and casein- and BCG-elicited macrophages. On the other hand, the mRNA for cyclooxygenase-2, which produces PGH2 and participates in the production of prostanoids in inflammation, was expressed in both the resident and BCG-elicited macrophages but barely in the casein-elicited cells. In situ hybridization analysis showed that the expression of mRNAs for PGIS and TXS was ascribable not only to the alteration of the expression levels of both mRNAs in the each macrophage but also to the changes in subpopulations of the cells expressing these mRNAs. These observations suggested that the inverse gene expression of PGIS and TXS in macrophages contributes to immune responses by modulating the relative levels of prostacyclin and thromboxaneA2

Formation of oxidative photoproduct of tri-acetyl-modified 6-thioguanosine by UVA irradiation

Thio-substituted nucleobases such as 6-thioguanine are known to be photosensitive to UVA light and capable of generating singlet molecular oxygen (1O2*). 2’,3 ’,5 ’- Tri-O-acetyl-6-thioguanosine (ta6TGuo) was prepared and its photochemistry was investigated. ta6TGuo in the aerated acetonitrile solution under UVA irradiation generates 1O2* that can also oxidize ta6TGuo itself and finally convert into tri-acetylated guanosine sulfonate (taGuoSO3). The decay rate constant of ta6TGuo was found to be in good agreement with the formation rate constant of taGuoSO3, revealing that the first step in the reaction of ta6TGuo with 1O2* would be the rate-determining step in forming taGuoSO3 as the final product. Thiolated nucleosides such as 6-thioguanosine could be used as a photosensitive agent for light-induced therapies. The key feature in the UVA irradiation of the thionucleosideis to produce 1O2*, but the resultant oxidative products would also contribute to the effect on therapies

Tsukuba 32-m VLBI Station

The Tsukuba 32-m VLBI station is operated by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. This report summarizes activities of the Tsukuba 32-m VLBI station in 2012. More than 200 sessions were observed with the Tsukuba 32-m and other GSI antennas in accordance with the IVS Master Schedule of 2012. We have started installing the observing facilities that will be fully compliant with VLBI2010 for the first time in Japan