Komponen Varians Interaksi Pelajar Dengan Soalan Dan Kesan Terhadap Kebolehpercayaan

Dalam bidang pendidikan, varians interaksi pelajar dengan item merupakan kesan yang terbaur dalam ralat kerana item ujian hanya diuji sekali dan tidak akan diulangi terhadap kumpulan pelajar yang sama. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengasingkan kesan interaksi pelajar dengan item daripada unsur ralat. Kesan interaksi pelajar dengan item ini dikaji sama ada ia mempunyai pengaruh terhadap pekali kebolehpercayaan. Teori kebolehitlakan atau dikenali sebagai teori G digunakan dalam kajian ini. Teori G menyediakan dua kajian iaitu kajian kebolehitlakan (kajian G) dan kajian keputusan (kajian D). Kajian G adalah penganggaran komponen varians bagi ujian yang sedia ada kemudian indeks kebolehpercayaan dihitung berdasarkan komponen-komponen varians tersebut. Indeks kebolehpercayaan dalam teori G dikenali sebagai pekali kebolehitlakan, 2 . Pengasingan interaksi pelajar dengan item dari ralat dilakukan berdasarkan kepada empat model yang berasingan. Model yang pertama (kajian G I) ialah reka bentuk faset tunggal bersilang iaitu pelajar bersilangan dengan item (p×i). Kemudian fasetfaset tambahan ditambahkan ke dalam model kedua (kajian G II) iaitu reka bentuk dua faset bersilang pelajar (p)×item (i)×masa (o). Model yang ketiga (kajian G III) adalah analogi kepada reka bentuk tersarang bagi model pertama yang mana item tersarang dalam taksonomi (t), reka bentuk p×i menjadi p×i:t. In the field of education, person by item interaction variance component is confounded in error because the test items were only tested once and they will not be repeated to the same group of students. The main objective of this study is to separate the person by item interaction from the error term. The effect of the person by item interaction was studied whether its has an influence on the reliability coefficient. Generalizability theory or also called G theory was used in this study. G theory provides two studies which is generalizability studies (G study) and decision studies (D study). G study is a estimation of variance components for the existing test and the reliability index is calculated based on the variance components. The reliability index in G theory is known as the generalizability coefficient, 2 . Separation of person by item interaction from the error term was done according to four different models. The first model (G study I) is the single facet crossed designed which the person crossed item design (p×i). Then, the supplemental facets were added into the second model (G study II), which are the two facets crossed design, person (p)×item(i)×occasion(o). The third model (G study III) was analog to the nested model of the first model, where the item was nested with taxonomy (t) and now p×i design become p×i:t

Monoclonal Human Antibodies That Recognise the Exposed N and C Terminal Regions of the Often-Overlooked SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a Transmembrane Protein

Acknowledgments: The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the efforts of Julia Martinez Fraile, Richard Lofthouse, Lewis Penny, Mohammad Arastoo and Natalia Cattelan for providing training and assistance with various experimental procedures described in this study. The authors also thank the University of Aberdeen Microscopy and Histology Facility for training and access to fluorescence microscopy and Aberdeen Proteomics for access to BiacoreX100 for SPR binding analysis. Funding: Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government (COV/ABN/20/01). MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter (MR/P501955/2).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Simple and sensitive method development and validation of Econazole in human plasma by RP-HPLC

A simple and accurate method was developed for the validation of the Econazole using Fluconazole as internal standard with short time of 10 minutes .Optimization of chromatography technique was used during the preparation of this analysis.  The method carried out using reversed phase of HPLC. Chromatography using Phenomenex Luna C18 Column (250mm x 4.6mm i.d, 5µm) as the stationary phase and mobile phase of solvent A and B of 0.5% Triethylamine at pH 6.5 and Acetonitrile at pH 3.5. Wavelength was fixed at 260nm and flow rate at 0.6mL/min. Validation studies was achieved by using the fundamental parameters, including accuracy, precision, selectivity, sensitivity, linearity and range, stability studies, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ). Retention time obtained for Econazole and Fluconazole are 7.7 minutes and 5.18 minutes. It shows recovery at 93.5% which is more precise and accurate compared to the other Econazole method. Hence, a simple and accurate method of validation of Econazole in drug free plasma was developed and validated

Monoclonal antibodies targeting surface exposed epitopes of Candida albicans cell wall proteins confer in vivo protection in an infection model

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We gratefully acknowledge Kevin McKenzie and Lucy Wight from the University of Aberdeen Microscopy and Histology Facility for training and access to fluorescence microscopy and for their support and assistance in this work. We also gratefully acknowledge David Stead from Aberdeen Proteomics for his support and assistance with the Candida proteome analysis and the staff of the University of Aberdeen Medical Research Facility for their support and assistance with the mouse studies. This work was supported by the following research grants: the High Throughput and Fragment Screening Fund, Scottish Universities Life Sciences Alliance (SULSA); a seed corn award from the University of Aberdeen Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund; an M.Res. studentship by the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen (grant number MR/P501955/1); a Ph.D. studentship from the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen; a Ph.D. studentship from Taibah University and a Saudi Government scholarship; and a Ph.D. studentship by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement number H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014-642095 (OPATHY). C.A.M., S.P., and A.J.P. contributed to the concept and study design. C.A.M. and S.P. developed the methodology. S.A.A. and L.F. performed recombinant antibody generation and ELISAs. L.F. and M.M. completed IgG reformatting and the production of mAbs for animal studies. M.M., T.H.T., and L.A.W. performed ELISAs and immunofluorescence staining. M.M. performed macrophage assays, and D.M.M. planned, conducted, and analyzed animal studies. C.A.M., S.P., and A.J.P. contributed to funding acquisition and project administration, and C.A.M., S.P., and L.A.W. contributed to the supervision and training of M.Res. and Ph.D. students. S.P. wrote the original draft, and C.A.M., D.M.M., and A.J.P. completed review and editing. All authors had full access to the data and approved the manuscript before it was submitted by the corresponding author(s). S.P., A.J.P., and C.A.M. are inventors on a patent related to the development of antifungal antibodies to surface-exposed epitopes of fungal pathogens owned by the University of Aberdeen. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Simple and sensitive method development and validation of Econazole in human plasma by RP-HPLC

A simple and accurate method was developed for the validation of the Econazole using Fluconazole as internal standard with short time of 10 minutes .Optimization of chromatography technique was used during the preparation of this analysis.  The method carried out using reversed phase of HPLC. Chromatography using Phenomenex Luna C18 Column (250mm x 4.6mm i.d, 5µm) as the stationary phase and mobile phase of solvent A and B of 0.5% Triethylamine at pH 6.5 and Acetonitrile at pH 3.5. Wavelength was fixed at 260nm and flow rate at 0.6mL/min. Validation studies was achieved by using the fundamental parameters, including accuracy, precision, selectivity, sensitivity, linearity and range, stability studies, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ). Retention time obtained for Econazole and Fluconazole are 7.7 minutes and 5.18 minutes. It shows recovery at 93.5% which is more precise and accurate compared to the other Econazole method. Hence, a simple and accurate method of validation of Econazole in drug free plasma was developed and validated

Analysis of financial needs for retirement in Singapore.

This study explores the adequacy of contributions to the Central Provident Fund (CPF) and personal savings for meeting the needs of retirement in Singapore. The analysis takes into account interest rate, inflation, taxes, and the pattern of CPF withdrawals made prior to retirement

Campaign research : case study on anti-smoking campaign in Singapore.

The aim of our research is to assess the effectiveness of the anti-smoking campaign. Prominent advertisements, employing different approaches, are used in our questionnaire. We assess the different approaches used in the campaigns held over the years based on our research findings

Prevalence and factors associated with flares following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and spondyloarthritis: a national cohort study

Abstract Objective To determine prevalence and factors associated with flares post Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA). Methods A retrospective multi-centre study was conducted (January 2021 to February 2022). Data were collected during index visit, defined as first post-vaccine visit in which the patient had a physician-defined flare, or if at least 3 months had elapsed since first vaccine dose, whichever came first. Factors associated with flares were identified using mixed effects Cox regression and expressed as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Total of 2377 patients were included (1563 RA, 415 PsA and 399 SpA). Among patients with RA, PsA and SpA, 21.3%, 24.1% and 21.8% experienced a flare respectively. Of those who experienced a flare, only 10.2%, 11.0% and 14.9% were severe in patients with RA, PsA and SpA respectively. Patients with low or moderate/high disease were more likely to flare compared to those in remission in patients with RA only (HR: 1.68, 95% CI 1.22–2.31; HR: 2.28, 95% CI 1.50–3.48, respectively). Receiving the Moderna vaccine was associated with a higher HR of flare compared to the Pfizer vaccine in patients with PsA only (HR: 2.21, 95% CI 1.20–4.08). Patients who had two vaccine doses were found to be less likely to flare (HR: 0.08, 95% CI 0.06–0.10). HRs of flares were not significantly different among RA, PsA and SpA. Conclusion About one-fifth of patients experienced a disease flare post COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, but most flares were non-severe. Patients with active disease prior to vaccination should be monitored closely for disease flares, especially in patients with RA

Post-mRNA Vaccine Flares in Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: Results from the COronavirus National Vaccine Registry for ImmuNe Diseases SINGapore (CONVIN-SING)

10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102959ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY741577-157