Waste management pinch analysis (WAMPA) with economic assessment

Conventional Pinch Analysis (PA) had been widely used d to define the target (demand chain) of a process system based on the information of stream quantities and quality (supply chain) for a micro-scale industries planning. With contrast to the conventional Pinch approaches, regional Solid Waste Management (SWM) strategy are often performed via optimisation tool which is often optimized in a "blackbox" optimization mathematical model. However, to enhance understanding and comprehension of the strategy, a visual technique like Pinch Analysis would be vital. A new application of Waste Management Pinch Analysis (WAMPA) for carbon emission was proposed to identify waste management strategies based on specified landfill reduction target and carbon emission target. This study used WAMPA methodology to analysis the effect of recycling target and cost reduction target towards waste management planning

Structural optimisation approach and indicators for integrated municipal solid waste management

Rapid urbanization, population growth, and industrialization are contributing to the large-scale increase of total waste generation in Malaysia and changing the characteristics and composition of the municipal solid waste (MSW). The present practice of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in Malaysia is depends very much on landfill disposal. To date, Malaysia is at the transition and planning stage towards sustainable MSWM with more efficient approaches. The main aim of this thesis is to develop a sustainable MSMW system based on a structural and comprehensive framework through optimisation modeling and indicator approaches. A case study of Iskandar Malaysia (IM) was employed in this research. In order to achieve the goal, three objectives were identified: the first objective is to evaluate and benchmark the performance of the MSWM system through a new developed indicator system known as Sustainable Waste Management Performance Indicator (SWMPI). The second objective is to assess the energy and carbon reduction potential of waste-to-energy (WTE) strategies for MSW in IM. The results in the second objective were used as the input data for the third objective. The third objective is to establish a sustainable and cost effective solution for the processing network of MSWM, through the model of Optimal Waste Processing Network (OWPN). At the end of the study, improvement of MSMW system through the third objective had been evaluated by the model of SWMPI from first objective. The analysis has proven that the optimal results from the OWPN model of MSWM system has successfully improved the waste management in terms of waste basic data, economic, waste management, and environmental criteria in SWMPI, where significant improvement was found in waste management and environment criteria of the indicator system. Both SWMPI and OWPN had been proven as powerful tools that assist the benchmarking of MSWM system in IM against other cities

A microstrip diplexer using folded hairpins

This paper presents the design of a microstrip diplexer using step impedance resonator (SIR) with folded hairpin structure. The diplexer consists of two third-order Chebyshev bandpass filters operating at 0.9GHz and 1.8GHz within GSM frequencies band. A diplexer is constructed by connecting two filters to a Y-junction. There is no spurious responses reside within the two passband frequencies. A well agreement between simulation and experimental results has been obtained

Waste Management Pinch Analysis (WAMPA) for carbon emission reduction

Improper waste management happened in most of the developing country where inadequate disposal of waste in landfill is commonly practiced Apart from disposal, MSW can turn into valuable product through recycling, energy recovery, and biological recovery action as suggested in the hierarchy of waste management. This study presents a novel method known as waste management pinch analysis (WAMPA) to examine the implication of recycling and landfill reduction target on the carbon emission. WAMPA aims to identity waste management strategies (waste to energy (WTE), recycling, reduce, reuse) based on specified landfill reduction target and carbon emission target. WAMPA is capable to examine the capacity of each strategy groups through graphical representation, and is also capable to provide meaning and illustration to the effect of changing of target toward the needs of each strategy

Energy and emissions benefits of renewable energy derived from municipal solid waste: analysis of a low carbon scenario in Malaysia

Ineffective waste management that involves dumping of waste in landfills may degrade valuable land resources and emit methane gas (CH4), a more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide (CO2). The incineration of waste also emits polluted chemicals such as dioxin and particle. Therefore, from a solid waste management perspective, both landfilling and incineration practices pose challenges to the development of a green and sustainable future. Waste-to-energy (WtE) has become a promising strategy catering to these issues because the utilisation of waste reduces the amount of landfilled waste (overcoming land resource issues) while increasing renewable energy production. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the energy and carbon reduction potential in Malaysia for various WtE strategies for municipal solid waste (MSW). The material properties of the MSW, its energy conversion potential and subsequent greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions are analysed based on the chemical compositions and biogenic carbon fractions of the waste. The GHG emission reduction potential is also calculated by considering fossil fuel displacement and CH4 avoidance from landfilling. In this paper, five different scenarios are analysed with results indicating a integration of landfill gas (LFG) recovery systems and waste incinerator as the major and minor WtE strategies shows the highest economical benefit with optimal GHG mitigation and energy potential. Sensitivity analysis on the effect of moisture content of MSW towards energy potential and GHG emissions are performed. These evaluations of WtE strategies provides valuable insights for policy decision in MSW management practices with cost effective, energy benefit, environmental protection

Waste management pinch analysis (WAMPA): application of pinch analysis for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction in municipal solid waste management

Improper waste management happened in most of the developing country where inadequate disposal of waste in landfill is commonly practiced. Apart from disposal, MSW can turn into valuable product through recycling, energy recovery, and biological recovery action as suggested in the hierarchy of waste management. This study presents a method known as Waste Management Pinch Analysis (WAMPA) to examine the implication of a dual-objective – landfill and GHG emission reduction target in sustainable waste management. WAMPA is capable to identify the capacity of each waste processing strategy through graphical representation. A general methodology of WAMPA is presented through a demonstration of a SWM case followed by a detailed representation of WAMPA for five waste types. Application of the WAMPA is then applied on a case study for sustainable waste management planning from year 2015 to 2035. Three waste management strategies are incorporated into the case study – landfill, Waste-to-Energy (WtE), and reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R). The results show a 13.5% of total GHG emission reduction and 54.6% of total reduction of landfill are achieved. The major contributor of GHG emission which are from food waste (landfill emission) and plastic (WtE emission) is reduced

Energy, economic and environmental (3E) analysis of waste-to-energy (WTE) strategies for municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Malaysia

The utilisation of municipal solid waste (MSW) for energy production has been implemented globally for many decades. Malaysia, however, is still highly dependent on landfills for MSW management. Because of the concern for greenhouse gases (GHG) emission and the scarcity of land, Malaysia has an urgent need for a better waste management strategy. This study aims to evaluate the energy, economic and environmental (3E) impact of waste-to-energy (WTE) for municipal solid waste management. An existing landfill in Malaysia is selected as the case study for consideration to adopt the advanced WTE technologies including the landfill gas recovery system (LFGRS), incineration, anaerobic digestion (AD), and gasification. The study presented an interactive comparison of different WTE scenarios and followed by further discussion on waste incineration and AD as the two potential WTE options in Malaysia. The 3E assessment reveals incineration as the superior technology choice when the production of electricity and heat were considered; however, AD is found to be more favourable under the consideration of electricity production only

SMART: an integrated planning and decision support tool for solid waste management

Solid waste management (SWM) system combined waste streams, waste collection, treatment and disposal methods are critically important to a regional, to achieve environmental economic and societal benefits. Decision-makers often have to rely on optimization models to examine a cost effective, environmentally sound waste management alternative. This paper presents a new systematic framework for long term effective planning and scheduling of SWM. This framework has been converted into software called Solid Waste Management Resource Recovery Tool (SMART). SMART is a first-of-a-kind SWM tool to facilitate the tradeoffs analysis between technical, economical, and environmental at national, regional, state, province, or community level. This simple tool is useful for decision makers for the selection of MSW technology including incineration, landfill, composting and recycling are while minimising the costs and meet CO2 reductions target. The developed tool was applied in Iskandar Malaysia as a case study