9 research outputs found
Cytokine and Chemokine Profiling in Patients with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Singapore and Malaysia
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a prevalent contagious childhood disease typically associated with fever, oral lesions and limb exanthema. While HFMD is caused by a plethora of serotypes of viruses under the genus Enterovirus within the Picornaviridae family, Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) are considered the main etiological agents. In recent years however, other viruses have also been isolated in considerable numbers from infected individuals in many regions, joining the legion commonly associated with HFMD. The present study investigated the cytokine and chemokine profiles of HFMD patients from Singapore and Malaysia for the first time. Comparative cohort studies of EV-A71-associated HFMD cases revealed that the Malaysia cohort had a distinct profile from the Singapore cohort, and this could be partly attributed by different EV-A71 genotypes. As the isolation of CV-A6, instead of CV-A16, had become prevalent in the Singapore cohort, it was also of particular interest to study the differential cytokine and chemokine profiles. Our data revealed that overlapping as well as unique profiles exist between the two major causative clinical isolates in the Singapore cohort. Having a better understanding of the respective immunological profiles could be useful for more accurate HFMD diagnosis, which is imperative for disease transmission control until multi-valent vaccines and/or broad-spectrum anti-viral drugs become available
Retinoblastoma in Singapore: 1976 to 1995
Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore262154-160AAMS
A Case of Tuberculosis Spondylodiscitis With Paraspinal Abscess in a 2-Year-Old Child
10.1177/2333794X18805614Global Pediatric Health
Paediatric tuberculosis in Singapore: A retrospective review
10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000308BMJ Paediatrics Open21e00030
A cross-sectional survey of physical activity among middle aged women in Singapore
Singapore Medical Journal407468-476SIMJ
A Case of Serious Adverse Reaction Following Rabies Vaccination
10.1177/2333794X18817143Global Pediatric Health
Pediatric Abdominal Tuberculosis in Singapore: A 10-Year Retrospective Series
10.1177/2333794X20903952Global Pediatric Health
Temporal variations in myopia progression in Singaporean children within an academic year
Optometry and Vision Science779465-472OVSC