84 research outputs found
Effective Field Theory for Dark Matter Direct Detection up to Dimension Seven
We present the full basis of effective operators relevant for dark matter
direct detection, up to and including operators of mass dimension seven. We
treat the cases where dark matter is either a Dirac fermion, a Majorana
fermion, a complex scalar, or a real scalar, allowing for dark matter to
furnish a general representation of the electroweak gauge group. We describe
the algorithmic procedure used to obtain the minimal set of effective operators
and provide the tree-level matching conditions onto the effective theory valid
below the electroweak scale.Comment: 30 pages, 1 figur
Learning the Composition of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays
We apply statistical inference on the Pierre Auger Open Data to discern for
the first time the full mass composition of cosmic rays at different energies.
Working with longitudinal electromagnetic profiles of cosmic ray showers, in
particular their peaking depths , we employ central moments of the
distributions as features to discriminate between different
shower compositions. We find that already the first few moments entail the most
relevant information to infer the primary cosmic ray mass spectrum. Our
approach, based on an unbinned likelihood, allows us to consistently account
for sources of statistical uncertainties due to finite datasets, both measured
and simulated, as well as systematic effects. Finally, we provide a
quantitative comparison of different high energy hadronic interaction models
available in the atmospheric shower simulation codes.Comment: 28 pages + 16 page Appendix, 27 figure
Improving the Composition of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays with Ground Detector Data
We show that the maximum shower depth distributions of Ultra-High Energy
Cosmic Rays (UHECRs), as measured by fluorescence telescopes, can be augmented
by building a mapping to observables collected by surface detectors. The
resulting statistical improvement of such augmented dataset depends in a
universal way on the strength of the correlation exhibited by the mapping.
Building upon the publicly available data on "golden hybrid" events from the
Pierre Auger Observatory we project possible improvements in the inferred
composition of UHECRs for a range of possible mappings with varying correlation
strengths.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, method correcte
Enhanced neutrino polarizability
We point out that neutrinos can have enhanced couplings to photons, if light
(pseudo)scalar mediators are present, resulting in potentially measurable
neutrino polarizability. We show that the expected suppression from small
neutrino masses can be compensated by the light mediator mass, generating
dimension 7 Rayleigh operators at low scales. We explore the rich phenomenology
of such models, computing in details the constraints on the viable parameter
space, spanned by the couplings of the mediator to neutrinos and photons.
Finally, we build several explicit models that lead to enhanced neutrino
polarizability by modifying the inverse see-saw majoron, i.e., the
pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson of the global lepton number responsible
for generating small neutrino masses.Comment: 48 pages, 9 figures. v2: Improved star cooling discussion. Corrected
bound from Xenon-nT. Added recast of monophoton searches discussion and EFT
bound. Submitted to JHE
New Physics in CP Violating and Flavour Changing Quark Dipole Transitions
We explore CP-violating (CPV) effects of heavy New Physics in
flavour-changing quark dipole transitions, within the framework of Standard
Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). First, we establish the relevant
dimension six operators and consider the Renormalisation Group (RG) evolution
of the appropriate Wilson coefficients. We investigate RG-induced correlations
between different flavour-violating processes and electric dipole moments
(EDMs) within the Minimal Flavour Violating and quark flavour models.
At low energies, we set bounds on the Wilson coefficients of the dipole
operators using CPV induced contributions to observables in non-leptonic and
radiative , and decays as well as the neutron and electron EDMs.
This enables us to connect observable CPV effects at low energies and general
NP appearing at high scales. We present bounds on the Wilson coefficients of
the relevant SMEFT operators at the high scale , and
discuss most sensitive CPV observables for future experimental searches.Comment: 41 pages, 4 figures, 7 table
Obstructing left sided colorectal cancer. A retrospective single center study.
Background: In recent years, with population aging, there has been an increased number of colorectal cancer cases in elderly patients with severe occlusion symptoms. About 75% of obstructions due to malignant colorectal cancer (10-30%) occur distal to splenic flexure.
Methods: The authors evaluated the best surgical therapeutic strategy to be used in cases of left-sided colorectal carcinoma in patients over 65 years old, especially considering the emergency condition, age of patients and efficacy in terms of postoperative morbidity, mortality and 5 years survival rate.
Results: The management of left-sided obstructing colorectal carcinoma is controversial. Hartmann’s procedure is the best therapeutic choice in elderly patients. However, resection with intraoperative colonic wash-out and primary anastomosis has favorable outcome in low risk patients.
Conclusions: A review of the literature reveals that primary resection and anastomosis for left-sided obstructing CRC is the correct therapeutic strategy in low risk patients with localized, resectable carcinoma, without peritonitis; Hartmann’s procedure should be adopted in doubtful cases and in high risk patients
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