Papel de las vesículas extracelulares liberadas por el tejido adiposo humano en la obesidad

La obesidad es una enfermedad metabólica que desencadena diferentes patologías, incluyendo el desarrollo de la diabetes tipo 2 (DM2), enfermedades cardiovasculares, la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (NAFLD) y ciertos tipos de cáncer, entre otras. En este contexto, surge el redescubrimiento de las vesículas extracelulares (VEs) y los exosomas como una nueva vía de comunicación celular a nivel fisiológico y patológico participando en la regulación del metabolismo del organismo, independiente de la vía clásica de secreción de hormonas y metabolitos. En la presente tesis doctoral, se ha optimizado el aislamiento y caracterizado las VEs liberadas por el tejido adiposo en el contexto de la obesidad, además de estudiar su rol funcional tanto en condiciones fisiológicas, como tras las alteraciones metabólicas asociadas a la obesidad. Por lo tanto, concluimos que las VEs liberadas por el tejido adiposo en el contexto de esta enfermedad, se postulan como estructuras de comunicación intercelular muy sofisticadas y dinámicas, que además de tener capacidad funcional induciendo o exacerbando la patología, portan diferentes biomarcadores de la obesidad y sus comorbilidades como la adiposidad visceral, o la resistencia a la insulina dependiendo de la localización anatómica y del estado metabólico de la célula/tejido de origen

El vino en la Medicina española contenida en proverbios vulgares de nuestra lengua de Juan Sorapán de Rieros

En la actualidad el consumo de vino está muy relacionado con celebraciones y banquetes. Sin embargo, en la Antigüedad también se utilizaba como parte fundamental en la dieta. Además, la ingesta de este licor como medicamento en determinadas afecciones era muy común. En el Renacimiento los autores de obras médicas y dietéticas argumentaban estas ideas acudiendo a filósofos y médicos antiguos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el vino en la obra Medicina española contenida en proverbios vulgares de nuestra lengua del médico extremeño del siglo XVI Juan Sorapán de Rieros, así como las distintas características del tratado.Grado en Nutrición Humana y Dietétic

Propuesta de intervención preventiva en violencia psicológica entre parejas jóvenes

La violencia psicológica (VP) es un fenómeno sutil, complejo, grave y predictor de otras formas de violencia, la cual con mucha frecuencia se implanta en las primeras relaciones de noviazgo. En ocasiones tiende a ser justificada o normalizada debido a factores de vulnerabilidad (FV) que trasmiten una idea equivocada de lo que debe ser una relación, tales como un apego inseguro, los mitos del amor romántico, los celos, o las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). El objetivo principal del trabajo consiste en la elaboración de una propuesta de intervención preventiva dirigida a adolescentes para evitar la violencia psicológica entre las parejas jóvenes (VPJ). Previamente a partir de una revisión bibliográfica acerca de este concepto, su prevalencia, el ciclo de mantenimiento y sus FV, se ha realizado revisión de los programas existentes sirviendo como guía para la elaboración de la presente propuesta. Como conclusión el programa diseñado destaca por el completo diseño de sesiones abarcando cada factor vulnerable y los seguimientos establecidos a largo plazo, pero para admitir con seguridad sus fortalezas y debilidades es relevante su aplicación.Psychological violence is a subtle, complex, serious phenomenon that is a predictor of other forms of violence, which is very often implanted in the first dating relationships, being justified or normalized due to certain interrelated vulnerability factors that convey a wrong idea of what It must be a relationship, such as an insecure attachment, romantic love myths, jealousy, or ICT. The main objective of the work consists in the elaboration of a preventive intervention proposal aimed at adolescents to avoid psychological violence among young couples (VPJ). Previously, a bibliographic review has been carried out on this concept, its prevalence, the maintenance cycle, its vulnerability factors, as well as a review of the existing programs serving as a guide for the elaboration of this proposal. In conclusion, the designed program stands out for the complete design of sessions covering each vulnerable factor and long-term established follow-ups, but to safely admit its strengths and weaknesses its application is relevant.Máster Universitario en Psicología General Sanitari

Is carer management style associated with longitudinal functional decline in dementia?

Background: Various intrinsic (related to dementia) and extrinsic (not related to dementia) factors have been suggested to contribute separately to disability in people living with dementia (PLwD). Objective: To investigate if the combination of specific intrinsic and extrinsic factors at baseline is associated with longitudinal declines in activities of daily living (ADL) performance of PLwD at 12-month follow-up. Methods: 141 community-dwelling PLwD-carer dyads were assessed on their global cognition (ACE-III), apathy (CBI-R), carer management styles (DMSS), medical comorbidities (CCI), and ADL performance (DAD) at baseline, and for a subset of participants (n = 53), at 12-month follow-up. Multiple linear regression models were run to assess: 1) the relationships between PLwD’s DAD scores and the remaining variables at baseline and 2) whether these variables’ scores at baseline were associated with longitudinal change in the PLwD’s DAD scores. Results: At baseline, having lower ACE-III (β = 0.354, p < 0.001), higher CBI-R (β = –0.284, p < 0.001), higher DMSS criticism (β = –0.367, p = 0.013), lower DMSS encouragement (β = 0.370, p = 0.014), and higher CCI scores (β = –2.475, p = 0.023) were significantly associated with having lower DAD scores. The PLwD’s DAD scores significantly declined from baseline to follow-up (p < 0.001, d = 1.15), however this decline was not associated with the baseline scores of any of the independent variables. Instead, it was associated with declines in the PLwD’s ACE-III scores from baseline to follow-up (β = 1.021, p = 0.001). Conclusions: In our limited sample, cognitive changes seem to be the main factor underlying longitudinal decline in ADL performance for PLwD. Carer management styles appear associated with current ADL performance but not with longitudinal ADL decline

Active methodologies and teaching performance: a necessary relationship in the field of education

[EN] In the present communication, we present the project developed within the Teaching Innovation Group (APAC) of the Faculty of Education at the University of Burgos: “Active Methodologies and Teacher Performance: a road towards inclusion in the classroom”. The principal objective of this project is to contribute empirical evidence on the impact that the use of active methodologies has on teaching performance in the classroom. Its results are the basis for the transformation of initial teacher training, because Universities are responsible for training the teachers who will be at the forefront of schools in the 21st c. They have therefore to be offered access to the resources in their initial and lifelong education that permit change, allowing them to construct the paradigm of inclusive, sustainable, and quality education.[ES] En la presente comunicación, presentamos el proyecto desarrollado dentro del Grupo de Innovación Docente (APAC) de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Burgos: "Metodologías Activas y Desempeño Docente: un camino hacia la inclusión en el aula". El objetivo principal de este proyecto es aportar evidencia empírica sobre el impacto que tiene el uso de metodologías activas en el rendimiento docente en el aula. Sus resultados son la base para la transformación de la formación inicial del profesorado, porque las universidades son responsables de la formación de los profesores que estarán a la vanguardia de las escuelas en el 21 stdo. Por lo tanto, se les debe ofrecer acceso a los recursos en su educación inicial y de por vida que permitan el cambio, permitiéndoles construir el paradigma de la educación inclusiva, sostenible y de calidad.http://ocs.editorial.upv.es/index.php/HEAD/HEAD18Luis, MI.; De La Torre Cruz, T.; Huelmo, J.; Llamazares, MC.; Ruiz, E.; Prieto, C.; Palmero, C.... (2018). Active methodologies and teaching performance: a necessary relationship in the field of education. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 995-1001. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD18.2018.8134OCS995100

Una sociedad para todas las edades: curso monográfico de ejercicio físico

&nbsp;The population trend changes (e.g., increased life expectancy or life-long learning) highlight the need to implement intervention policies that fit the needs and expectations of older people. With that objective, this text presents the design of a monographic course of physical exercise for students over 45 years of the Universidad Abierta de Personas Mayores, in the University of Burgos. The intervention will take place over one academic year, and consists of 15 sessions. It will be led by university students in grades Social Education, Early Childhood Education and Pedagogy, thus promoting intergenerational culture. In order to assess the results of the implementation of this training program, two evaluations will be conducted (pre and post intervention), with SF-36 Health Survey, which evaluates the quality of life. We conclude that many studies show healthy benefits for this group after the continued practice of physical exercise, besides preventing dependency and increasing the quality of life.&nbsp;Los cambios de tendencia de la población (como mayor esperanza de vida o el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida) ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de implementar políticas de intervención que se ajusten a las necesidades y las expectativas de las personas mayores. Con tal objetivo, se presenta el diseño de un curso monográfico de ejercicio físico para los alumnos mayores de 45 años de la Universidad Abierta de Personas Mayores de la Universidad de Burgos. La intervención se llevará a cabo a lo largo de un curso académico, y consta de 15 sesiones. Será conducido por estudiantes universitarios de los grados de Educación Social, Educación Infantil y Pedagogía, para fomentar de esta forma la cultura intergeneracional. Con el fin de valorar los resultados de la aplicación del programa de entrenamiento, se llevarán a cabo dos evaluaciones (pre-post intervención) con el Cuestionario de Salud SF-36, el cual valora la calidad de vida. Concluimos que numerosos estudios evidencian los beneficios saludables que reporta para este colectivo la práctica continuada del ejercicio físico, además de prevenir la dependencia física y aumentar la calidad de vida

Contributions of caregiver management styles to the discrepancy between reported and observed task performance in people with dementia

Background: The identification and understanding of the discrepancy between caregivers' reports of people with dementia's (PwD) performance of activities of daily living (ADLs) and observed performance, could clarify what kind of support a PwD effectively needs when completing tasks. Strategies used by caregivers have not been included in the investigation of this discrepancy. Objective: To (1) investigate if caregivers' report of PwD's ADL performance are consistent with PwD's observed performance; (2) explore if caregiver management styles, depression, and anxiety, contribute to this discrepancy. Methods: PwD (n = 64) were assessed with standardized performance-based (Assessment of Motor and Process Skills, AMPS) and informant-based (Disability Assessment for Dementia, DAD) ADL assessments. Caregivers completed depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), and dementia management style (DMSS: criticism, active-management, and encouragement) questionnaires. Cohen's kappa determined agreement/disagreement in ADL performance. To investigate the potential discrepancy between the DAD and AMPS, a continuous variable was generated: comparative ADL score. Multiple linear regression analysis explored whether caregivers' management styles, depression or anxiety could explain the ADL discrepancy. Results: Poor level of agreement between observed and reported ADL performance [k = -0.025 (95% CI -0.123 -0.073)] was identified, with most caregivers underestimating ADL performance. The combined model explained 18% (R2 = 0.18, F (5,55) = 2.52, p≤0.05) of the variance of the comparative ADL score. Active-management (β= -0.037, t (60) = -3.363, p = 0.001) and encouragement (β= 0.025, t (60) = 2.018, p = 0.05) styles made the largest and statistically significant contribution to the model. Conclusion: Encouragement style could be advised for caregivers who underestimate ADL performance, while active management style for those who overestimate it. Findings have scope to increase caregivers' abilities to support PwD activity engagement in daily life

Vesicles Shed by Pathological Murine Adipocytes Spread Pathology: Characterization and Functional Role of Insulin Resistant/Hypertrophied Adiposomes

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as a relevant way of cell to cell communication, and its analysis has become an indirect approach to assess the cell/tissue of origin status. However, the knowledge about their nature and role on metabolic diseases is still very scarce. We have established an insulin resistant (IR) and two lipid (palmitic/oleic) hypertrophied adipocyte cell models to isolate EVs to perform a protein cargo qualitative and quantitative Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Mass Spectra (SWATH) analysis by mass spectrometry. Our results show a high proportion of obesity and IR-related proteins in pathological EVs; thus, we propose a panel of potential obese adipose tissue EV-biomarkers. Among those, lipid hypertrophied vesicles are characterized by ceruloplasmin, mimecan, and perilipin 1 adipokines, and those from the IR by the striking presence of the adiposity and IR related transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 (TFGBI). Interestingly, functional assays show that IR and hypertrophied adipocytes induce differentiation/hypertrophy and IR in healthy adipocytes through secreted EVs. Finally, we demonstrate that lipid atrophied adipocytes shed EVs promote macrophage inflammation by stimulating IL-6 and TNFα expression. Thus, we conclude that pathological adipocytes release vesicles containing representative protein cargo of the cell of origin that are able to induce metabolic alterations on healthy cells probably exacerbating the disease once establishedThis research was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER, grant number PI16/01212S

The Socio-educational, Psychological and Family-Related Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Intentions among Spanish Youth

Despite the abundant scientific literature on entrepreneurship, there is still only limited information on young students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The reasons for this, may be generally found in the different conceptual approaches to entrepreneurial intention, and particularly in the variables that regulate and act as antecedents to such intentions. This bias has generated different lines of investigation into the factors relating to entrepreneurial intention among students. One line of investigation is centered on the variables that influence entrepreneurial intention, in particular, relational, educational, and psychological variables, and another is centered on the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention, amongst which is entrepreneurial interest. In this paper, we seek to analyze the relationship between the entrepreneurial interest of Spanish youth and a set of socio-educational, psychological, and health-related variables using principal component analysis. A previously validated ad hoc questionnaire was administered to 1764 students (15–18 years old). Notably, few Spanish youth expressed significantly high entrepreneurial interest; those who did were mostly men with a family tradition of entrepreneurial parents, who held high perceptions of their health and quality of life, and considered it important in business to detect opportunities beforehand and to create employment. Their principal motives were to improve their professional development, to put their ideas into practice, and to achieve economic independence. This paper proposes the early detection of entrepreneurial interests in young people in order to reinforce these interests as potential long-term initiatives.This research was funded by MINISTRY OF ECONOMY AND COMPETITIVENESS. GOVERNMENT OF SPAIN, grant number EDU 2012-39080-C07-00 a 07

Entrepreneurial Interest and Entrepreneurial Competence Among Spanish Youth: An Analysis with Artificial Neural Networks

Studies of the socio-economic function of entrepreneurship have emphasized the critical role that entrepreneurial competence and its implementation play at different stages of the education system. In this paper, as a research objective, we seek to determine the entrepreneurial interest of Spanish youth aged between 15 and 18 years of age enrolled in formal secondary education programs, an initial stage in the development of entrepreneurship. A previously validated ad hoc questionnaire is applied through simple random sampling to 1764 students at secondary school in Spain. A descriptive cross-sectional study is carried out. The analysis is done with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), a technique that reduces the high dimensionality of data through Cooperative Maximum Likelihood Hebbian Learning (CMLHL), applying neurocomputational methods to the educational sciences. We find as key results that Spanish youth express a medium level of interest in entrepreneurship. Analysis with ANNs shows that education in entrepreneurial competence is an influential aspect of interest in entrepreneurship. As a conclusion, our results suggest that educational and curricular reforms must be undertaken to promote the development of entrepreneurial competence at various stages of education in order to increase interest in entrepreneurship.This research was funded by MINISTRY OF ECONOMY AND COMPETITIVENESS. GOVERNMENT OF SPAIN, grant number EDU 2012-39080-C07-00 a 07