Forest land ownership change in Finland : COST Action FP1201 FACESMAP country report

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A Decision Support Demonstrator for Abiotic Damage to Trees, using a WWW Interface

Session 1A and 1B. Presentation slide

Spatio-temporal divergence in the responses of Finland's boreal forests to climate variables

Spring greening in boreal forest ecosystems has been widely linked to increasing temperature, but few studies have attempted to unravel the relative effects of climate variables such as maximum temperature (TMX), minimum temperature (TMN), mean temperature (TMP), precipitation (PRE) and radiation (RAD) on vegetation growth at different stages of growing season. However, clarifying these effects is fundamental to better understand the relationship between vegetation and climate change. This study investigated spatio-temporal divergence in the responses of Finland's boreal forests to climate variables using the plant phenology index (PPI) calculated based on the latest Collection V006 MODIS BRDF-corrected surface reflectance products (MCD43C4) from 2002 to 2018, and identified the dominant climate variables controlling vegetation change during the growing season (May-September) on a monthly basis. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to quantify the response of PPI to climate variables and distinguish the separate impacts of different variables. The study results show the dominant effects of temperature on the PPI in May and June, with TMX, TMN and TMP being the most important explanatory variables for the variation of PPI depending on the location, respectively. Meanwhile, drought had an unexpectedly positive impact on vegetation in few areas. More than 50 % of the variation of PPI could be explained by climate variables for 68.5 % of the entire forest area in May and 87.7 % in June, respectively. During July to September, the PPI variance explained by climate and corresponding spatial extent rapidly decreased. Nevertheless, the RAD was found be the most important explanatory variable to July PPI in some areas. In contrast, the PPI in August and September was insensitive to climate in almost all of the regions studied. Our study gives useful insights on quantifying and identifying the relative importance of climate variables to boreal forest, which can be used to predict the possible response of forest under future warming.Peer reviewe

Impacts of climate change on forest resources in Finland: A simulation approach

Ilmastonmuutoksen vaikutus Suomen metsävaroihin Ilmastonmuutos ja sen mahdolliset vaikutukset ovat olleet kansainvälisesti intensiivisen tutkimuksen kohteena 1990-luvun alkupuolelta lähtien. Ilmastonmuutoksen metsävaikutusten tutkimuksessa on käytetty useita erilaisia menetelmiä, kuten menneen ilmaston analysointia puun vuosirenkaista, ympäristön seurantaa, kenttä- ja kasvihuonekokeita sekä mallinnusta. Tämän työn tavoitteena oli mallilaskelmien avulla arvioida ilmastonmuutoksen mahdollisia vaikutuksia Suomen metsävaroihin. Työssä yhdistettiin metsikön simulointimalli, valtakunnan metsien inventoinnin pysyvien koealojen metsikkö- ja puuaineistoa sekä pitkän aikavälin sääaineistoa. Ilmastonmuutosta kuvattiin ilmastoskenaarioilla, joissa lämpötilan oletettiin nousevan 1,4 ja 6 astetta 100 vuodessa. Metsien käsittely toteutettiin mallissa yksityismetsätalouden metsänhoitosuositusten mukaisesti, eikä metsänomistajien käyttäytymistä pyritty arvioimaan. Metsiä esim. harvennettiin, kun harvennusmallien ehdot täyttyivät. Valtakunnan tason laskemissa lähtötilanteena käytettiin vuoden 1990 inventointitietoja ja simulointijaksona vuosia 1991-2100. Metsien kehitystä simuloitiin sekä nykyilmastossa että muuttuvassa ilmastossa. Koealakohtaisten keskiarvojen avulla tulokset yleistettiin metsälautakunta- ja valtakunnan tasolle. Metsävaroja kuvaavina tunnuksina käytettiin puuston vuotuista kasvua, hakkuukertymää, pystypuuston kokonaistilavuutta ja puulajisuhteita. Esitetyt tulokset koskevat kivennäismaita, koska käytetty malli ei sovellu puuston simulointiin turvemailla. Mallilaskelmien mukaan metsien vuotuinen kasvu Etelä-Suomessa nykyilmastossa on n. 50 miljoonaa m3 ja Pohjois-Suomessa hieman alle 20 miljoonaa m3. Ilmastonmuutosskenaariossa metsien kasvu Etelä-Suomessa kiihtyi noin kahden asteen lämpötilan nousuun saakka, mutta kääntyy tämän jälkeen laskuun. Pohjois-Suomessa puuston vuotuinen kasvu oli muuttuvassa ilmastossa simulointijakson lopussa noin kaksinkertainen nykyilmastoon verrattuna. Tulokset olivat samansuuntaisia myös vuotuisen hakkuukertymän osalta. Puuston tilavuus Etelä-Suomessa nykyilmastossa lisääntyi hieman lähtötilanteeseen verrattuna, mutta vakiintui hieman alle 1200 miljoonaan m3. Pohjois-Suomessa puuston tilavuus mallilaskelmien mukaan lähes kaksinkertaistui nykyilmastossakin, ja ilmaston muuttuessa se kasvoi vieläkin suuremmaksi. Nykyilmastossa tehdyissä laskelmissa havu- ja lehtipuiden suhde säilyi muuttumattomana sekä Etelä- että Pohjois-Suomessa. Ilmaston muuttuessa lehtipuiden osuus lisääntyi huomattavasti, erityisesti Etelä-Suomessa. Metsien käsittelyssä ja uudistamisessa ei kuitenkaan käytetty aktiivista puulajivalintaa, minkä vuoksi lehtipuiden osuus kasvoi ehkä nopeammin kuin todellisuudessa tapahtuisi.Talkkari, A. 2001. Impacts of climate change on forest resources in Finland: a simulation approach. Research Notes 129, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu. 29 p. The study reviews four articles on the development and assessment of a gap-type model for utilising forest inventory and climate data, simulations with different climate scenarios at the stand level, and upscaling the results of the effects of climate change on forests to the regional and national scales. At regional and national scales, net increment, volume of growing stock and potential cutting removal increased as a result of climate change, but the responses of the forests were different in southern and northern Finland. The results suggest that by the end of the next century nearly half of the forest resources could be located in northern Finland, whereas currently the forest resources are divided between southern and northern Finland in a ratio of about 70% and 30%, respectively. The climate change could also alter the tree species composition, in that the simulations show that Norway spruce and Scots pine would suffer from the increased temperature whereas the proportion of birches would increase relative to the situation under current climatic conditions. Key words: boreal forests, climate change, cutting removal, forest resources, gap model, growth, simulation, upscaling.VokDiss.: Joensuun yliopisto, 200

PeltoGIS - spatiotemporaalinen tietokanta peltotiedon hallintaan

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Regional predictions concerning the effects of climate change on forests in southern Finland.

Part I Climate ChangeA gap-model was used with forest inventory data in taking ground-true site, soil and tree characteristics into account in predicting the effects of climate change on forests. A total of 910 permanent sample plots established in the course of national forest inventory (NFI) in Finland and located on mineral soil sites in southern Finland were selected as the input data. The climatological input used in the simulations consisted of interpolated means of and deviations from long-term local temperature and precipitation records. The policy oriented climate scenarios of SILMU (Finnish Research Programme on Climate Change) were used to describe the climate change. The temperature changes in the climate scenarios were increases of ca. +1.1 °C (low), +4.4 °C (medium) and +6.6 °C (high) compared to the current climate in 110 years. The simulation period was 110 years covering the time years 1990–2100. Southern Finland, divided into fifteen forestry board districts, was used as the study region. Regional development of stand volume, cutting yield, and total wood production of forests under different climate scenarios were examined. The annual average growth in simulations under current climate was close to that observed in NFI. Forests benefited from a modest temperature increase (Scenario 2), but under Scenario 1the growing stock remained at a lower level than under the current climate in all parts of the study region. In wood production and cutting yield there were regional differences. In the southern part of the study region wood production under Scenario 1 was ca. 10% lower than under the current climate, but in the eastern and western parts wood production was 5–15% higher under Scenario 1 than under the current climate. The relative values of total wood production and cutting yield indicated that the response of forests to climate change varied by geographical location and the magnitude of climate change. This may be a consequence of not just varying climatic (e.g. temperature and precipitation) and site conditions, but of varying responses by different kinds of forests (e.g. forests differing in tree species composition and age)

Georeferenced 1:250 000 soil database for Finland : an approach based on multisource geological and soil data

vokYhan kirjast

GIS, ympäristö ja Internet, Jokioinen 19.9.2001

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