Periodontal disease severity is associated to pathogenic consortia comprising putative and candidate periodontal pathogens

Based on a holistic concept of polymicrobial etiology, we have hypothesized that putative and candidate periodontal pathogens are more frequently detected in consortia than alone in advanced forms of periodontal diseases (PD). Objective: To correlate specific consortia of periodontal pathogens with clinical periodontal status and severity of periodontitis. Methodology: Subgingival biofilm was obtained from individuals with periodontal health (113, PH), gingivitis (91, G), and periodontitis (209, P). Genomic DNA was purified and the species Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Aa JP2-like strain, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Dialister pneumosintes (Dp), and Filifactor alocis (Fa) were detected by PCR. Configural frequency and logistic regression analyses were performed to correlate microbial consortia and PD. Results:  Aa + Pg in the presence of Dp (phi=0.240; χ2=11.9, p<0.01), as well as Aa JP2 + Dp + Fa (phi=0.186, χ2=4.6, p<0.05) were significantly more associated in advanced stages of P. The consortium Aa + Fa + Dp was strongly associated with deep pocketing and inflammation (p<0.001). The best predictors of disease severity (80% accuracy) included older age (OR 1.11 [95% CI 1.07 – 1.15], p<0.001), Black/African-American ancestry (OR 1.89 [95% CI 1.19 – 2.99], p=0.007), and high frequency of Aa + Pg + Dp (OR 3.04 [95% CI 1.49 – 6.22], p=0.002). Conclusion; Specific microbial consortia of putative and novel periodontal pathogens, associated with demographic parameters, correlate with severe periodontitis, supporting the multifactorial nature of PD

Colonization dynamics of subgingival microbiota in recently installed dental implants compared to healthy teeth in the same individual: a 6-month prospective observational study

Objectives: To evaluate the colonization dynamics of subgingival microbiota established over six months around newly installed dental implants in periodontally healthy individuals, compared with their corresponding teeth. Methodology: Seventeen healthy individuals assigned to receive single dental implants participated in the study. Subgingival biofilm was sampled from all implant sites and contralateral/ antagonist teeth on days 7, 30, 90, and 180 after implant installation. Microbiological analysis was performed using the Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for detection of classical oral taxa and non-oral microorganisms. Significant differences were estimated by Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests, while associations between implants/teeth and target species levels were assessed by linear regression analysis (LRA). Significance level was set at 5%. Results: Levels of some species were significantly higher in teeth compared to implants, respectively, at day 7 ( V.parvula , 6 × 105 vs 3 × 105 ; Milleri streptococci , 2 × 106 vs 6 × 105 ; Capnocytophaga spp., 2 × 106 vs 9 × 105 ; E.corrodens , 2 × 106 vs 5 × 105 ; N. mucosa , 2 × 106 vs 5 × 105 ; S.noxia , 2 × 106 vs 3 × 105 ; T.socranskii , 2 × 106 vs 5 × 105 ; H.alvei , 4 × 105 vs 2 × 105 ; and Neisseria spp., 6 × 105 vs 4 × 104 ), day 30 ( V.parvula , 5 × 105 vs 105 ; Capnocytophaga spp., 1.3 × 106 vs 6.8 × 104 ; F.periodonticum , 2 × 106 vs 106 ; S.noxia , 6 × 105 vs 2 × 105 ; H.alvei , 8 × 105 vs 9 × 104 ; and Neisseria spp., 2 × 105 vs 106 ), day 120 ( V.parvula , 8 × 105 vs 3 × 105 ; S.noxia , 2 × 106 vs 0; and T.socranskii , 3 × 105 vs 8 × 104 ), and day 180 ( S.enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi, 8 × 106 vs 2 × 106 ) (p<0.05). Implants showed significant increases over time in the levels of F.nucleatum , Gemella spp., H.pylori , P.micra , S.aureus , S.liquefaciens , and T.forsythia (p<0.05). LRA found that dental implants were negatively correlated with high levels of S. noxia and V. parvula (β=-0.5 to -0.3; p<0.05). Conclusions: Early submucosal microbiota is diverse and only a few species differ between teeth and implants in the same individual. Only 7 days after implant installation, a rich microbiota can be found in the peri-implant site. After six months of evaluation, teeth and implants show similar prevalence and levels of the target species, including known and new periodontopathic species

Colonization dynamics of subgingival microbiota in recently installed dental implants compared to healthy teeth in the same individual: a 6-month prospective observational study

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the colonization dynamics of subgingival microbiota established over six months around newly installed dental implants in periodontally healthy individuals, compared with their corresponding teeth. Methodology Seventeen healthy individuals assigned to receive single dental implants participated in the study. Subgingival biofilm was sampled from all implant sites and contralateral/ antagonist teeth on days 7, 30, 90, and 180 after implant installation. Microbiological analysis was performed using the Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for detection of classical oral taxa and non-oral microorganisms. Significant differences were estimated by Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests, while associations between implants/teeth and target species levels were assessed by linear regression analysis (LRA). Significance level was set at 5%. Results Levels of some species were significantly higher in teeth compared to implants, respectively, at day 7 ( V.parvula , 6 × 10 5 vs 3 × 105 ; Milleri streptococci , 2 × 10 6 vs 6 × 10 5 ; Capnocytophaga spp., 2 × 10 6 vs 9 × 10 5 ; E.corrodens , 2 × 10 6 vs 5 × 10 5 ; N. mucosa , 2 × 10 6 vs 5 × 10 5 ; S.noxia , 2 × 10 6 vs 3 × 10 5 ; T.socranskii , 2 × 10 6 vs 5 × 10 5 ; H.alvei , 4 × 10 5 vs 2 × 10 5 ; and Neisseria spp., 6 × 10 5 vs 4 × 10 4 ), day 30 ( V.parvula , 5 × 10 5 vs 10 5 ; Capnocytophaga spp., 1.3 × 10 6 vs 6.8 × 10 4 ; F.periodonticum , 2 × 10 6 vs 10 6 ; S.noxia , 6 × 10 5 vs 2 × 10 5 ; H.alvei , 8 × 10 5 vs 9 × 10 4 ; and Neisseria spp., 2 × 10 5 vs 10 6 ), day 120 ( V.parvula , 8 × 10 5 vs 3 × 10 5 ; S.noxia , 2 × 10 6 vs 0; and T.socranskii , 3 × 10 5 vs 8 × 10 4 ), and day 180 ( S.enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi, 8 × 10 6 vs 2 × 10 6 ) (p<0.05). Implants showed significant increases over time in the levels of F.nucleatum , Gemella spp., H.pylori , P.micra , S.aureus , S.liquefaciens , and T.forsythia (p<0.05). LRA found that dental implants were negatively correlated with high levels of S. noxia and V. parvula (β=-0.5 to -0.3; p<0.05). Conclusions Early submucosal microbiota is diverse and only a few species differ between teeth and implants in the same individual. Only 7 days after implant installation, a rich microbiota can be found in the peri-implant site. After six months of evaluation, teeth and implants show similar prevalence and levels of the target species, including known and new periodontopathic species