The Effect of Multidimensional Motivational- behavioral Interventions on Achievement Motivation, Academic Performance and Motivation of 7th grade students

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the multidimensional motivational–behavioral interventions on performance and academic motivation.This study was administered with a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and control group. Participants were all of the female students in first-grade high school of public high schools of Semnan in the academic year of 2013-2014. Totally 72 female students (34 in the experimental group and 38 in control group) were selected by multistage random sampling method. Participants received the behavioral components training for 12 sessions. Participants completed Herman's Achievement Motivation Questionnaire (1970) and Semnan Multidimensional Academic Motivation Questionnaire (Pooragha & Talepasand, 2014). Data were analyzed using Covariance Analysis model. Results showed that the motivational-behavioral intervention had the effect on planning, task management, and persistence. In addition, the motivational-behavioral interventions had the effect on the total score of performance, hardworking and trust. The motivational-behavioral intervention has been effective for increasing the motivation and the performance in schools. Thus applying this intervention is recommended

Social Achievement Goal Theory in Education: A Validity and Reliability Study

The objective of this study was to validate the Iranian version of the Social Achievement Goal Orientation Scale and test the Social Achievement Goal Orientation theory in the context of Iranian students. A total of 403 Iranian high school students completed a Social Achievement Goal Orientation Scale and an Achievement Goal Questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the hypothesized model of social achievement goals. The fit of the proposed three-factor model was promising and moderate support for the three factor structure of social goal orientation was found using scores from an abbreviated 13-item SAGOS. Graded Response Model showed an information function that was peaked at the upper end of the scale, indicating that severe social goal orientation is measured with most precision. Convergent validity for the new measure of social achievement goals was established. Findings generally supported the trichotomous framework of the social achievement goal orientation theory with Iranian students. Consistent with the academic goal orientation theory, findings indicated that social mastery and performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals had positive relationships with academic goals

Effect of family-based cognitive behavioral therapy in modification of self-image associated with obesity among children

Background and purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of family-based cognitive behavioral therapy in modification of self-image associated with obesity in children. Materials and methods: A randomized controlled trial was performed in children with obesity (BMI � 95th percentile(aged 8-15 years old. Using convenience sampling, the participants were recruited from Children Hospital and Morsali clinic in Arak, Iran. They were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n= 15) or control group (n= 15). The children in experimental group received family-based cognitive behavioral therapy (6 group sessions) and their parents attended 5 group sessions. All participants completed Body Parts Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BPSS-R) and Standard Figural Stimuli Scale (SFSS) in pretest, posttest and follow-up. BMI was calculated in all three stages. Results: Family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy was found effective in improving the body parts satisfaction (P=0.023) and body image satisfaction (P=0.0001). The improvement maintained only in body image at follow-up (P=0.0001). Conclusion: According to these results, family-based cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in modification of self-image in children. © 2016, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

An Evaluation of Personality Traits and Negative Life Events in Explaining Negative Coping Strategies among Drug Dependent People: The Mediating Role of Negative Affects

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship of personality traits and negative life events with coping styles with the mediating role of negative affects in drug dependent people. Method: This was a correlational study wherein the number of 152 participants (drug users) completed Cloninger temperament and character inventory, Paykel life events inventory, positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS), and Endler & Parker’s coping inventory for stressful situations. Results: Novelty seeking had an indirect effect on emotional coping styles. Although anger had a mediating role in this relationship, it did not play such a role in the relationship of low self-directedness and negative life events with emotional coping styles. Harm avoidance had a direct effect on avoidant coping styles. Fear and sadness played a mediating role in the structural relationship of harm avoidance and negative events with avoidant coping styles. Reward dependence had an indirect effect on avoidant coping styles. Sadness had a mediating role in the structural relationship between reward dependence and avoidant coping styles. Conclusion: People with traumatic personality traits show negative affects by experiencing stressful negative events which leads to traumatic coping style, including addiction

The Effectiveness of Healthy Lifestyle Promotion Intervention on Quality of Life in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure via Cognitive-Behavioral Procedure

Introduction: Reduced quality of life in cardiac patients and their frequent hospitalizations in the coronary care units is regarded as a main challenge for such patients. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effectiveness of healthy lifestyle promotion intervention on quality of life in patients with congestive heart failure via cognitive-behavioral procedure. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, assessment in pretest, posttest, and follow-up along with the control group were applied. Twenty-six patients with congestive heart failure were selected via convenience sampling among patients attended to Shahid Rajaee Heart hospital in Tehran. Then, they were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=11; under administration of healthy lifestyle promotion intervention via cognitive-behavioral procedure during eight group sessions once a week) and control group (n=15). Quality of life was measured for all the participants in three phases of pre-test, post-test and follow-up by Questionnaire of Quality of Life in Patients with Heart Failure (IHF-QoL) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). Results: According to the results of variance analysis with repeated measures, this intervention was proved to have short-time effects on quality of life and its psychological components (P<0.001). Following the therapy termination, patients were returned to baseline, though the effect of intervention on depression was continued within 2 month follow-up (P<0.001). Conclusion: In regard with the effectiveness of healthy lifestyle promotion intervention via cognitive-behavioral procedure in improving quality of life and its psychological aspects, as well as high costs of hospital and prolonged treatment for these patients, applying this intervention in a permanent manner seem to be beneficial

Physical activity and self-esteem: testing direct and indirect relationships associated with psychological and physical mechanisms

Seyed Hojjat Zamani Sani,1 Zahra Fathirezaie,1 Serge Brand,2 Uwe P&uuml;hse,3 Edith Holsboer-Trachsler,2 Markus Gerber,3 Siavash Talepasand4 1Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; 2Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), 3Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; 4Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran Abstract: In the present study, we investigated the relationship between physical activity (PA) and self-esteem (SE), while introducing body mass index (BMI), perceived physical fitness (PPF), and body image (BI) in adults (N =264, M =38.10 years). The findings indicated that PA was directly and indirectly associated with SE. BMI predicted SE neither directly nor indirectly, but was directly associated with PPF and both directly and indirectly with BI. Furthermore, PPF was directly related to BI and SE, and a direct association was found between BI and SE. The pattern of results suggests that among a sample of adults, PA is directly and indirectly associated with SE, PPF, and BI, but not with BMI. PA, PPF, and BI appear to play an important role in SE. Accordingly, regular PA should be promoted, in particular, among adults reporting lower SE. Keywords: physical activity, self-esteem, physical fitness, body image, adult

Prevalence, comorbidities, and sociodemographic predictors of conduct disorder: the national epidemiology of Iranian children and adolescents psychiatric disorders (IRCAP)

The aim was to evaluate the lifetime prevalence of conduct disorder according to sociodemographic characteristics, determine the sociodemographic predictors of conduct disorder, and estimate the rates of comorbidities of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with conduct disorder by age and gender. The National Epidemiology of Iranian Children and Adolescents Psychiatric Disorders was a cross-sectional, general population-based study on 30,532 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years from all provinces of Iran, which was done using multistage cluster sampling. Iranian citizens aged 6-18 years who resided at least 1 year in each province were included, and children and adolescents with severe physical illnesses that prevented them to participate in the study were excluded. The sample weighting adjustment was used, since we had randomly selected the equal number of 1000 participants of each province from the urban and rural areas. Trained psychologists conducted diagnostic interviews with the adolescents and the children's parents using the Persian version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). In this study, 54 children aged 6-9 years (0.58, CI 0.47-0.77), 64 adolescents aged 10-14 years (0.57, CI 0.47-0.77), and 117 adolescents aged 15-18 years (1.22, CI 0.96-1.44) met the criteria of the lifetime conduct disorder. Conduct disorder was significantly more common in boys than in girls, and was significantly less prevalent among those participants whose fathers had no history of psychiatric hospitalization. Of the participants with conduct disorder, 83.4 met the criteria for at least one other psychiatric disorder. Conduct disorder had a high rate of comorbidity with oppositional defiant disorder (54.89, CI 48.50-61.12), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (32.34, CI 26.68-38.56), tobacco use (20.43, CI 15.77-26.04), and depressive disorders (18.30, CI 13.88-23.74). Because of using the diagnostic instrument, we found a low total rate of prevalence for conduct disorder; however, higher rates of it were observed among boys and adolescents. Further studies are needed to explore the nature of comorbidities of conduct disorder and to consider them in a large clinical population

Prevalence, correlates and comorbidities of feeding and eating disorders in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents

Objective This study investigated the prevalence of feeding and eating disorders, and identified their correlates and comorbidities among children and adolescents. Method We used the nationally representative sample of the Iranian Children and Adolescents' Psychiatric disorders (IRCAP) survey, with 30,532 participants randomly selected by a multistage cluster sampling method. We employed the kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) semi-structured face-to-face interview to screen for any psychiatric disorders, including feeding and eating disorders, and associated factors. We used multivariate binary logistic regression to analyze the data. Results Valid data from 27,111 participants were analyzed. The total prevalence of feeding and eating disorders among children and adolescents was 0.89 (0.81-1.10). In all types of feeding and eating disorders, the adjusted odds ratio was higher among girls (except binge-eating disorder) and older adolescents but was lower among rural residents. The most common psychiatric comorbidities observed in children and adolescents with feeding and eating disorders were obsessive-compulsive disorder (20.2), agoraphobia (20.2), depressive disorder (16.4), social phobia (10.1), oppositional defiant disorder (10.1), generalized anxiety disorder (9.4), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (7.5), and conduct disorder (5.7), which were significantly more common compared to their peers without feeding and eating disorders. Discussion Older age, female gender and living in an urban area are predisposing factors in feeding and eating disorders (in binge-eating disorder, the male gender is a positive correlate). We suggest that future works pay attention to the role of gender, comorbidities and predisposing factors

Prevalence of elimination disorders and comorbid psychiatric disorders in Iranian children and adolescents

PURPOSE: Currently, there is a paucity of studies on the prevalence of Elimination Disorders among Iranian children and adolescents. Due to the ongoing need to monitor the health status of these children and adolescents, the present study aims to investigate the prevalence of Elimination Disorders and comorbid disorders in Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 29,781 children and adolescents age 6 to 18 years old were selected and studied from all the provinces in Iran. The sampling was carried out by employing a multistage cluster sampling method, and several clinical psychologists using semi-structured interviews collected the data. Furthermore, clinical psychologists collected demographic information (including information about gender, age, place of residence, education level, and parental education level). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS: Generally, the prevalence of Elimination Disorders was found to be 5.4 covering both enuresis (p= 5.4, 95 CI = 5.1-5.7) and encopresis (p= 0.13, 95 CI = 0.09-0.2). The total prevalence of comorbid disorders was 38, and among the comorbid disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (p= 11, 95 CI = 9.5-12.7) and Separation Anxiety (p= 10.6, 95 CI = 9.1-12.2) were the most prevalent. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Elimination Disorders in Iranian children and adolescents is moderate compared to similar studies elsewhere. As for comorbid disorders, ADHD and Separation Anxiety were found to be the most prevalent disorders. Since Elimination Disorders coexist with psychiatric disorders in children, further studies of these comorbidities may give better insight into the treatment and prognosis of Elimination Disorders. © 2021 - IOS Press. All rights reserved