LATE DEVONIAN-TOURNAISIAN CONODONTS FROM THE EASTERN KHYBER REGION, NORTH-WEST PAKISTAN

Conodonts (62 species and subspecies) from acid-leaching of 226 samples from four sections through the Ali Masjid Formation west of Misri Khel in the former South Khyber Agency, north-west Pakistan, are documented by illustrations and distributional data. These indicate that most of this unit, at least in that area, spans the interval Middle crepida Zone (low in the Famennian) to at least Early crenulata Zone (mid-Tournaisian), though a fauna from low in one of the sections produced conodonts indicative of the Late falsiovalis Zone (early Frasnian). Two major hiatuses are inferred: between the Late falsiovalis and Middle crepida zones, and between the Late expansa and Early duplicata zones. Coherence of the conodont biostratigraphy accords with lithologic alignments between the sections. &nbsp

Potensi Reduksi Sampah Terhadap Penurunan Timbulan Gas Rumah Kaca Di Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA) Kota Madiun

Upaya minimisasi perlu dilakukan dalam pengelolaan sampah Kota Madiun, mengingat semakin meningkatnya timbulan sampah. Upaya minimisasi jumlah sampah dapat berupa kegiatan komposting dan pemanfaatan sampah kembali. Minimisasi jumlah sampah yang harus ditimbun di landfill berarti meminimisasi timbulan gas rumah kaca yang terbentuk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis besar penurunan timbulan sampah dan gas rumah kaca dengan upaya reduksi bertahap. Sampling timbulan dan komposisi sampah dilakukan di 6 TPS. Upaya reduksi bertahap dihitung bila terjadi peningkatan upaya reduksi sebesar 2% secara bertahap pada tiap tahunnya. Timbulan gas rumah kaca yang dihasilkan pada tiap tahunnya dihitung dengan menggunakan metode triangular. Timbulan sampah total pada tahun 2023 pada kondisi pengelolaan sampah dengan upaya reduksi bertahap, timbulan sampah yang direduksi tahun 2023 sebesar 3.875,75 ton atau 20%. Penurunan timbulan gas rumah kaca yang terbentuk dari sampah tahun 2023 dengan upaya reduksi optimal sebesar 6,637x106 m3 atau 67,32% dan dengan upaya reduksi bertahap sebesar 1,343x106 m3 atau 13,63%

Non Residential Solid Waste Reduction in Krembangan District, North Surabaya

Reduction of non-residential solid waste is important because it can reduce the generation of solid waste in Benowo Landfill. Krembangan District is one of the districts in North Surabaya that was chosen as a research area however, there is no data about the existing and reduction potential of non-residential solid waste in Krembangan District. The purposes of this research are the identification of existing and reduction potential of non-residential solid waste in Krembangan District. There are 21 samples for this research. Public facility samples contain education facilities, offices, worship places, commercial places, medical centres and street sweeping. Total generation of solid waste from public facilities is 10.179,74 kg/day. Existing reduction of solid waste in source and transfer station are 158,1 kg/day and 472,53 kg/day. The reduction potential of non-residential solid waste is based on the optimal recovery factor. Reduction potential with composting and recycling activities are 3.668,31 kg/day and 694,67 kg/day

EARLIEST TRIASSIC CONODONTS FROM CHITRAL, NORTHERNMOST PAKISTAN

Extensive tracts of very shallow water carbonates in the valleys of the Yarkhun and Mastuj rivers of Chitral (northernmost Pakistan) previously though to be Permian (or Cretaceous) are shown by conodonts from two horizons in sequences 110 km apart—near Torman Gol (Mastuj valley) and near Sakirmul (upper Yarkhun valley)—to include earliest Triassic (Scythian—Induan) horizons. Both faunas have Isarcicella staeschei Dai & Zhang, Is. lobata Perri, Is. turgida (Kozur et al.) and Hindeodus parvus (Kozur & Pjatakova), whereas Is. Isarcica (Huckriede) has been recognised only in the Torman Gol occurrence. The presence, respectively, of Is. staeschei in the Sakirmul and Is. isarcica in the Torman Gol occurrences, allows discrimination of the staeschei and isarcica zones respectively the third and the fourth conodont biozones of the Early Triassic conodont biozonation of Perri (in Perri & Farabegoli 2003). Such faunas, consisting mainly of isarcicellids and hindeodids but lacking gondolellids, are characteristic of restricted sea environments across the Permian–Triassic boundary and in the earliest Triassic in other Tethyan areas. The conodont faunas from these two occurrences are remarkably similar, nearly contemporaneous, and indicate shallow water biofacies. They are inferred to equate with the Ailak Dolomite, a sequence of Late Permian–?Late Triassic dolostones discriminated farther up the Yarkhun valley and extending eastwards into the upper Hunza region of northernmost Pakistan. The Zait Limestone and Sakirmul carbonate sequence are consistent with extension of the previously inferred Triassic carbonate platform at least 110 km farther to the SW than previously supposed

Potensi Reduksi Sampah terhadap Penurunan Timbulan Gas Rumah Kaca di Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA) Kota Madiun

Upaya minimisasi perlu dilakukan dalam pengelolaan sampah Kota Madiun, mengingat semakin meningkatnya timbulan sampah. Upaya minimisasi jumlah sampah dapat berupa kegiatan komposting dan pemanfaatan sampah kembali. Minimisasi jumlah sampah yang harus ditimbun di landfill berarti meminimisasi timbulan gas rumah kaca yang terbentuk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis besar penurunan timbulan sampah dan gas rumah kaca dengan upaya reduksi bertahap. Sampling timbulan dan komposisi sampah dilakukan di 6 TPS. Upaya reduksi bertahap dihitung bila terjadi peningkatan upaya reduksi sebesar 2% secara bertahap pada tiap tahunnya. Timbulan gas rumah kaca yang dihasilkan pada tiap tahunnya dihitung dengan menggunakan metode triangular. Timbulan sampah total pada tahun 2023 pada kondisi pengelolaan sampah dengan upaya reduksi bertahap, timbulan sampah yang direduksi tahun 2023 sebesar 3.875,75 ton atau 20%. Penurunan timbulan gas rumah kaca yang terbentuk dari sampah tahun 2023 dengan upaya reduksi optimal sebesar 6,637x106 m3 atau 67,32% dan dengan upaya reduksi bertahap sebesar 1,343x106 m3 atau 13,63%. <br /

Potensi Reduksi Sampah terhadap Penurunan Timbulan Gas Rumah Kaca di Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA) Kota Madiun

Upaya minimisasi perlu dilakukan dalam pengelolaan sampah Kota Madiun, mengingat semakin meningkatnya timbulan sampah. Upaya minimisasi jumlah sampah dapat berupa kegiatan komposting dan pemanfaatan sampah kembali. Minimisasi jumlah sampah yang harus ditimbun di landfill berarti meminimisasi timbulan gas rumah kaca yang terbentuk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis besar penurunan timbulan sampah dan gas rumah kaca dengan upaya reduksi bertahap. Sampling timbulan dan komposisi sampah dilakukan di 6 TPS. Upaya reduksi bertahap dihitung bila terjadi peningkatan upaya reduksi sebesar 2% secara bertahap pada tiap tahunnya. Timbulan gas rumah kaca yang dihasilkan pada tiap tahunnya dihitung dengan menggunakan metode triangular. Timbulan sampah total pada tahun 2023 pada kondisi pengelolaan sampah dengan upaya reduksi bertahap, timbulan sampah yang direduksi tahun 2023 sebesar 3.875,75 ton atau 20%. Penurunan timbulan gas rumah kaca yang terbentuk dari sampah tahun 2023 dengan upaya reduksi optimal sebesar 6,637x106 m3 atau 67,32% dan dengan upaya reduksi bertahap sebesar 1,343x106 m3 atau 13,63%

Modelling and forecasting Zimbabwe’s immigrants using SARIMA models.

The remarkable increase in the Zimbabwe’s migration is of major concern in terms of planning purposes and policy formulation by the government, Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), tourism authorities, investors and industrialists. It is important to have statistical models that can be used to project future migrants as the projections are vital in decision making purposes. The total monthly migrants (immigrants) of Zimbabwe from 2001 to 2017 are modelled using the Box Jenkins technique. The data for the study was availed by the Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT). A time series plot determined the migration trend to Zimbabwe and December is noted as the seasonal month with a significant number of migrants. The parsimonious SARIMA (1, 1, 1)(2,0,1)12 model fitted well to the migration data is validated by the Akaike information criterion (AIC), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE) and other graphical measures. The model is used to project immigrants for the next 24 months. The projected migrants indicate a slow increase with the month of December being the peak month. The government of Zimbabwe, NGOs, investors and the industrialists should anticipate for an increased population due to an increase in immigrants and plan accordingly

Multiple Environmental Stressors Induce Complex Transcriptomic Responses Indicative of Phenotypic Outcomes in Western Fence Lizard

Background The health and resilience of species in natural environments is increasingly challenged by complex anthropogenic stressor combinations including climate change, habitat encroachment, and chemical contamination. To better understand impacts of these stressors we examined the individual- and combined-stressor impacts of malaria infection, food limitation, and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) exposures on gene expression in livers of Western fence lizards (WFL, Sceloporus occidentalis) using custom WFL transcriptome-based microarrays. Results Computational analysis including annotation enrichment and correlation analysis identified putative functional mechanisms linking transcript expression and toxicological phenotypes. TNT exposure increased transcript expression for genes involved in erythropoiesis, potentially in response to TNT-induced anemia and/or methemoglobinemia and caused dose-specific effects on genes involved in lipid and overall energy metabolism consistent with a hormesis response of growth stimulation at low doses and adverse decreases in lizard growth at high doses. Functional enrichment results were indicative of inhibited potential for lipid mobilization and catabolism in TNT exposures which corresponded with increased inguinal fat weights and was suggestive of a decreased overall energy budget. Malaria infection elicited enriched expression of multiple immune-related functions likely corresponding to increased white blood cell (WBC) counts. Food limitation alone enriched functions related to cellular energy production and decreased expression of immune responses consistent with a decrease in WBC levels. Conclusions Despite these findings, the lizards demonstrated immune resilience to malaria infection under food limitation with transcriptional results indicating a fully competent immune response to malaria, even under bio-energetic constraints. Interestingly, both TNT and malaria individually increased transcriptional expression of immune-related genes and increased overall WBC concentrations in blood; responses that were retained in the TNT x malaria combined exposure. The results demonstrate complex and sometimes unexpected responses to multiple stressors where the lizards displayed remarkable resiliency to the stressor combinations investigated

The entrepreneurial ecosystem of cultural and creative industries in Porto: A sub-ecosystem approach

It is still a matter of dispute whether entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) frameworks can be confined to a single industry in isolation, let alone whether such a sub-ecosystem approach can be employed in a domain that is distinct from the highgrowth industries usually scrutinised in the literature. This article seeks to apply a systemic and dynamic EE perspective to the development of cultural and creative industries (CCIs) within an urban context, with a particular focus on how urban development interacts with the sub-ecosystem of this sector over time. An in-depth case study in the city of Porto (Portugal) revealed that existing EE frameworks are well-suited to research on creative sub-ecosystems. It also enabled us to flesh out associations with other entrepreneurial activities and policy domains within the city. We highlight the prominent roles of local culture and policies when the context is resource-constrained: policy led to an upward, positive spiral that moved Porto's EE in relation to CCIs into a growth stage, during which it began to interact with, and faced resource competition from, high-tech entrepreneurship. We argue that having an integrated view of the dynamics of entrepreneurial sub-ecosystems and urban affairs can improve what is understood of productivity and causality in entrepreneurship