Comparing the Therapeutic Effects of Dexamethasone-Metoclopramide with Ketorolac in Relieving Headache in Patients with Acute Migraine Attacks Presenting to the Emergency Department

Introduction: Migraine is a frequent chief complaint of patients in the emergency department. A wide range of treatments are used for acute migraine. Objective: This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of a combination of metoclopramide + dexamethasone with those of ketorolac for treatment of acute migraine in the emergency department. Method: This quasi-experimental study enrolled patients identified as migraine headache cases admitted to the emergency departments of Shohadaye Tajrish and Sina hospitals, Tehran, Iran. The patients were divided into two groups and treated with either 8 mg Dexamethasone + 10 mg Metoclopramide or 60 mg ketorolac, and then compared regarding the rate of pain control based on visual analogue scale (VAS) on arrival and 1 and 2 hours afterward. Results: Overall, 86 patients were recruited, of whom 50 were male (58.1%). Their mean age was 37.6 ± 10.3 years. Thirty-five (40.7%) were in the ketorolac group and 51 (59.3%) were in the dexamethasone + metoclopramide group. Treatment success was defined as a reduction of at least 3 points in pain severity in comparison to the admission time. One hour after administration of medications, the reported pain intensity was 4.7 ± 2.0 and 6.2 ± 2.3 in ketorolac group and dexamethasone + metoclopramide group, respectively. By the second hour, pain intensity was 3.4 ± 1.2 and 2.9 ± 1.3 in ketorolac group and dexamethasone + metoclopramide group, respectively. The two groups did not show a significant difference in terms of the reported pain at this time (p= 0.04). Conclusion: Based on our findings, the pain reduction time was relatively shorter for ketorolac in acute migraine, but the final response was identical in the two groups

Role of regulatory miRNAs of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of breast cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common tumors in women. Current data indicate that the overexpression of some microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with breast cancer, in relation to stage, tumor size and potential for metastasis. Some studies have reported that miRNAs have critical roles in cellular processes implicated in breast cancer cell growth, migration and metastasis by targeting the PI3K/AKT oncogenic signaling pathway. Therefore, identifying novel regulatory miRNAs for this oncogenic pathway and discovery of their related target genes may represent a promising therapeutic approach for breast cancer therapy. This review highlights the recent findings about the potential role of PI3K/AKT signaling regulatory miRNAs in breast cancer tumorigenesis

Using Surface Electromyography to Compare Healthy Male and Female Laryngeal Muscles Activity

Background and Aim: Laryngeal muscles contribute in sound production play a key role in specific language. Needle electromyography is the specific complementary method for muscle activity evaluation which is awfully painful and needs serenity of patient. The purpose of this study was to use Surface electromyography as a probable new approach for evaluation of laryngeal muscles activity.Methods: 34 healthy women and 34 healthy men aged 20-30 years old were enrolled in this study. Each individual was seated in an armchair. Recording electrodes were placed bilaterally (right and left) in the low anterior neck at approximately one centimeter from midline on thyroarytenoid and cricothyroid muscles. Silent activity and fricative voice (/z/ , /ž/) and voiceless (/s/ , /š/) activities were recorded for ten seconds followed by 10 seconds of rest, for 5 repetition. All data were processed and frequency and non linear measurements were assessed. And were compared in time and frequency domain.Results: Muscle activity in fricative voice in both groups was greater than rest condition (p<0.05). Moreover, muscle activity median frequency was significantly more in men than women (p<0.001).Conclusion: Activity evaluation of thyroarytenoid and cricothyroid muscles using surface electromyography is difficult in women. That may be due to anatomical features such as length and width of neck in women

Common Variations in Prothrombotic Genes and Susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke in Young Patients: A Case-Control Study in Southeast Iran

Background and Objective: Evidence indicates that genetic factors may be involved in the risk of ischemic stroke (IS). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of genetic polymorphisms located in exons or untranslated regions of MTHFR as well as FV genes on ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 106 patients with IS and 157 healthy volunteers (age &lt;50 years) were genotyped for MTHFR C677T, A1298C, C2572A and C4869G, FVL, and prothrombin G20210A polymorphisms. Results: The MTHFR 677CT genotype was more frequent in patients and increased risk of IS with Odds Ratio = 1.9. The MTHFR A1298C and C2572A polymorphisms were not associated with IS in dominant and recessive models. Our findings showed a significant decrease in the MTHFR 4869CG genotype in IS patients, and this variant was associated with a decreased risk of IS in the dominant model. The CAAT haplotype was associated with increased risk, and the GAAC haplotype was associated with decreased risk of IS compared to other haplotypes. There was no relation between FVL G1691A polymorphism and IS risk. Conclusions: The present study showed that the MTHFR 677CT genotype was more frequent and the MTHFR 4869CG genotype was less frequent in young IS patients