Susceptibility to tigecycline of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from intensive care unit patients

Background: Infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii are difficult to cure due to the acquisition of resistance by these bacteria and lead to an increase in the general costs of hospitalization. The aim of this study was to determine tigecycline susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from intensive care unit and non-intensive care unit patients with skin and soft tissue infections. Methods: MICs were tested by Etest among 70 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Results: The MIC range was from 0.5 to 8.0 mg L-1. For ESBL-producing Acinetobacter baumannii, as well as for strains without carbapenemases, the highest MIC to tigecycline value was 8.0 mg L-1. For AmpC-producing Acinetobacter baumannii, the highest MIC to tigecycline value was 6.0 mg L-1 and, for MBL-producing strains, 2.0 mg L-1. Conclusions: The majority of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from ICU and non-ICU patients demonstrated high values of MIC range, MIC50 and MIC90 to tigecycline

Investigation of "Acinetobacter baumannii" activity in vascular surgery units through epidemiological management based on the analysis of antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation and genotyping

Background/Objectives: The genus Acinetobacter demonstrates resistance to antibiotics and has been shown to spread in the hospital environment causing epidemic outbreaks among hospitalized patients. The objectives of the present study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and clonality among Acinetobacter baumannii strains. Materials and Methods: The study involved 6 (I Outbreak) and 3 (II Outbreak) A. baumannii strains isolated from patients hospitalized in vascular surgery unit. Results: All tested A. baumannii strains were extensively drug resistant (XDR) and all the isolates were carbapenem-resistant and among them, all carried the blaOXA-51 gene, the blaOXA-24 gene, as well as the blaOXA-23 gene. All of the investigated strains had the ability to form a biofilm, but all of them produced less biofilm than the reference strain. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) showed that all strains belonged to the ST2 clone. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) divided the tested outbreak strains into two clones (A and B). Conclusion: This study shows a nosocomial spread of XDR A. baumannii ST2 having the blaOXA-51 gene, the blaOXA-24 gene, as well as the blaOXA-23 gene, low biofilm formers, that was prevalent in the vascular surgery unit. To identify the current situation of vascular surgery departments targeted epidemiological investigation was needed. Effective implementation of infection control prevented the spread of the epidemic outbreaks

Sarcoptes Infestation. What Is Already Known, and What Is New about Scabies at the Beginning of the Third Decade of the 21st Century?

Currently, there are three known subtypes of scabies: ordinary, crusted, and bullous. The worldwide prevalence of scabies remains high in the 21st century. To decrease the social, economic, and psychological impact on the enormous population infected, a lot of important work has been completed over the last 20 years concerning the management of scabies. For example, a standardization of guidelines for the treatment of scabies has been completed and programs have been designed for the prevention and treatment in endemic populations, called mass drug administrations. Unfortunately, these only apply to the ordinary form of scabies. Moreover, resistance to the drugs currently used in treatment is growing, which imposes the need to search for new treatments. For this purpose, new acaricides are being developed to enhance the therapeutic options for the patients’ benefit and effectively treat this disease. There is also the necessity for prevention before the development of scabies. An effective vaccine has the potential to protect people before this disease, especially in endemic areas. Unfortunately, there are no such vaccines against Sarcoptes yet

Do bacteria isolated from ICU patients ‘ESKAPE’ antibiotic treatment? In vitro susceptibility of the Enterobacteriaceae family to tigecycline

Background: Enterobacteriaceae are currently causing the majority of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) andsimultaneously expressing increasing levels of antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study is to assess the in vitrosensitivity of MDR strains from the family Enterobacteriaceae to tigecycline in relation to their origin from patientshospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) and non-ICUs. Methods: The study involved 156 clinically significant strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family isolated from patientswith complicated intraabdominal infections (cIAIs) and/or complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs)hospitalized in ICUs and other surgical departments. Tigecycline MICs were determined by Etest. Results: The highest percentage of tigecycline non-susceptible (intermediate + resistant strains) in vitro strainsamong the Enterobacteriaceae species were observed for Serratia spp. 77.3%, followed by Citrobacter spp. (76.9%)and Enterobacter spp. (70%); whereas K. pneumoniae and E. coli showed 73–73.8% tigecycline susceptibility rates. Conclusion: Tigecycline demonstrates a high level of antimicrobial in vitro activity when tested against E. coli andK. pneumoniae, even those with the ESBL-phenotype. Tigecycline retained activity against merely 22–30% of Enterobacter, Citrobacter and Serratia genera.Background: Enterobacteriaceae are currently causing the majority of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) andsimultaneously expressing increasing levels of antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study is to assess the in vitrosensitivity of MDR strains from the family Enterobacteriaceae to tigecycline in relation to their origin from patientshospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) and non-ICUs. Methods: The study involved 156 clinically significant strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family isolated from patientswith complicated intraabdominal infections (cIAIs) and/or complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs)hospitalized in ICUs and other surgical departments. Tigecycline MICs were determined by Etest. Results: The highest percentage of tigecycline non-susceptible (intermediate + resistant strains) in vitro strainsamong the Enterobacteriaceae species were observed for Serratia spp. 77.3%, followed by Citrobacter spp. (76.9%)and Enterobacter spp. (70%); whereas K. pneumoniae and E. coli showed 73–73.8% tigecycline susceptibility rates. Conclusion: Tigecycline demonstrates a high level of antimicrobial in vitro activity when tested against E. coli andK. pneumoniae, even those with the ESBL-phenotype. Tigecycline retained activity against merely 22–30% of Enterobacter, Citrobacter and Serratia genera