In vivo NCL targeting affects breast cancer aggressiveness through miRNA regulation.

Numerous studies have described the altered expression and the causal role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in human cancer. However, to date, efforts to modulate miRNA levels for therapeutic purposes have been challenging to implement. Here we find that nucleolin (NCL), a major nucleolar protein, posttranscriptionally regulates the expression of a specific subset of miRNAs, including miR-21, miR-221, miR-222, and miR-103, that are causally involved in breast cancer initiation, progression, and drug resistance. We also show that NCL is commonly overexpressed in human breast tumors and that its expression correlates with that of NCL-dependent miRNAs. Finally, inhibition of NCL using guanosine-rich aptamers reduces the levels of NCL-dependent miRNAs and their target genes, thus reducing breast cancer cell aggressiveness both in vitro and in vivo. These findings illuminate a path to novel therapeutic approaches based on NCL-targeting aptamers for the modulation of miRNA expression in the treatment of breast cancer

Circulating miRNA markers show promise as new prognosticators for multiple myeloma

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Review : Caring for children of differing cultures

“The final, definitive version of this article has been published in the Journal of Child Health Care, Vol.3 No.4, 1999, copyright Association of British Pediatric Nurses on SAGE Journals Online: http://chc.sagepub.com/ " [Full text of this article is not available in the UHRA]- The term ’culture’ is open to diverse interpretation. - The provision of culturally-sensitive care to children and their families is a challenge which nurses cannot avoid. - There are a range of potential methods of enhancing culturally-sensitive care for children, but these are open to debate. - This is an area of children’s nursing practice which deserves further consideration and research.Peer reviewe