346 research outputs found
Nuclear liquid-gas phase transition studied with antisymmetrized molecular dynamics
The nuclear liquid-gas phase transition of the system in ideal thermal
equilibrium is studied with antisymmetrized molecular dynamics. The time
evolution of a many-nucleon system confined in a container is solved for a long
time to get a microcanonical ensemble of a given energy and volume. The
temperature and the pressure are extracted from this ensemble and the caloric
curves are constructed. The present work is the first time that a microscopic
dynamical model which describes nuclear multifragmentation reactions well is
directly applied to get the nuclear caloric curve. The obtained constant
pressure caloric curves clearly show the characteristic feature of the
liquid-gas phase transition, namely negative heat capacity (backbending), which
is expected for the phase transition in finite systems.Comment: 31 pages, 8 figures, added formalism details, several improvements
and new results, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Partial ownership arrangements in the Japanese automobile industry; 1990-2000
The end of the 1990âs saw a number of foreign automobile manufacturers become the largest shareholders in several Japanese automobile manufacturers. It seems logical to conclude that a firm only enters into a partial ownership arrangement (POA) if it is profit maximizing. However, research to date has treated POAs as if exogenous to the model. This paper develops a model that assumes POAs are determined endogenously. Data for the Japanese automobile industry are then used to investigate the factors that determine whether a firm enters into a POA, and the effects a POA has on the price-cost margin. The findings of this paper suggest that while both foreign and domestic firms take an interest in product mix when exploring POAs in the Japanese market, they have differing profit incentives. Furthermore, the level of ownership has a positive effect on POAs.partial ownership arrangements, price-cost margin, technology transfers
Relevance of equilibrium in multifragmentation
The relevance of equilibrium in a multifragmentation reaction of very central
collisions at 35 MeV/nucleon is investigated by using
simulations of Antisymmetrized Molecular Dynamics (AMD). Two types of ensembles
are compared. One is the reaction ensemble of the states at each reaction time
in collision events simulated by AMD, and the other is the equilibrium
ensemble prepared by solving the AMD equation of motion for a many-nucleon
system confined in a container for a long time. The comparison of the ensembles
is performed for the fragment charge distribution and the excitation energies.
Our calculations show that there exists an equilibrium ensemble which well
reproduces the reaction ensemble at each reaction time for the investigated
period fm/. However, there are some other observables
which show discrepancies between the reaction and equilibrium ensembles. These
may be interpreted as dynamical effects in the reaction. The usual static
equilibrium at each instant is not realized since any equilibrium ensemble with
the same volume as that of the reaction system cannot reproduce the fragment
observables.Comment: 13 pages and 12figures; added a few sentences and corrected typos,
accepted in Phys. Rev.
Rapid Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Particles with High Molecular Weight by SoapâFree Emulsion Polymerization Using WaterâinâOil Slug Flow
flow process for the production of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles is proposed by soapâfree emulsion polymerization using a waterâinâoil (W/O) slug flow in a microreactor. Thin oil films generated around the dispersed aqueous phase of the W/O slug prevent the prepared particles from adhesion to the microchannel wall, enabling the continuous production of PMMA particles without clogging. The effects of the linear flow rate of the slug flow and the addition of ethanol in the dispersed aqueous phase on the polymerization are evaluated. It is found that increasing the linear flow rate of the slug flow or the addition of ethanol in the dispersed aqueous phase results in PMMA particles with high molecular weight (â1500 kg molâ1) in 20 min reaction time. It is believed that this process would be a promising way to prepare polymer particles with high molecular weight in a short reaction time
LOWER LIMB KINETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SIDE-HOP TEST IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the kinetics of lower limb joints and the side-hop test (SHT) time in healthy individuals and to clarify the factors that may influence performance on the SHT. Twenty male athletes performed the SHT. The SHT time and lower limb joint torque (hip, knee, and ankle) were calculated to explore the relationship between the two variables. The relationship between the SHT time and joint torque was found specifically at the medial and lateral contact phases of the SHT. These results suggest that hip joint function may be important in the medial contact phase. In the knee joint, it was suggested that the load at the frontal plane of the knee joint increases with shorter SHT time. We have provided these results for researchers/clinicians who consider the performance characteristics related to shorter times in the SHT
Coexistence of Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution and 7 12.5 Gbit/s Classical Channels
We study coexistence of CV-QKD and 7 classical 12.5 Gbit/s on-off keying
channels in WDM transmission over the C-band. We demonstrate key generation
with a distilled secret key rate between 20 to 50 kbit/s in experiments running
continuously over 24 hours.Comment: 2018 IEEE Summer Topicals, paper MD4.
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