Greenland temperature responses to climate forcings over the past 4000 years

第3回極域科学シンポジウム　横断セッション「海・陸・氷床から探る後期新生代の南極寒冷圏環境変動」11月26日（月）、27日（火） ２階ラウン

SolarEV City Concept for Paris: A promising idea?

Urban decarbonization is one of the pillars for strategies to achieve carbon neutrality around the world. However, the current speed of urban decarbonization is insufficient to keep pace with efforts to achieve this goal. Rooftop PVs integrated with electric vehicles (EVs) as battery is a promising technology capable to supply CO2-free, affordable, and dispatchable electricity in urban environments (SolarEV City Concept). Here, we evaluated Paris, France for the decarbonization potentials of rooftop PV + EV in comparison to the surrounding suburban area Ile-de-France and Kyoto, Japan. We assessed various scenarios by calculating the energy sufficiency, self-consumption, self-sufficiency, cost savings, and CO2 emission reduction of the PV + EV system or PV only system. The combination of EVs with PVs by V2H or V2B systems at the city or region level was found to be more effective in Ile-de-France than in Paris suggesting that SolarEV City is more effective for geographically larger area including Paris. If implemented at a significant scale, they can add substantial values to rooftop PV economics and keep a high self-consumption and self-sufficiency, which also allows bypassing the classical battery storage that is too expensive to be profitable. Furthermore, the systems potentially allow rapid CO2 emissions reduction; however, with already low-carbon electricity of France by nuclear power, CO2 abatement (0.020 kgCO2kWh-1 reduction from 0.063 kgCO2kWh-1) by PV + EV system can be limited, in comparison to that (0.270 kgCO2kWh-1 reduction from 0.352 kgCO2kWh-1) of Kyoto, also because of the Paris low insolation and high demands in higher latitude winter. While the SolarEV City Concept can help Paris to move one step closer to the carbon neutrality goal, there are also implementation challenges for installing PVs in Paris

Causes of Greenland temperature variability over the past 4000 years: Implications for North Hemispheric temperature change

第3回極域科学シンポジウム/第35回極域気水圏シンポジウム 11月29日（木） 国立国語研究所 ２階多目的

A high-resolution measurement of air samples in polar ice core

第2回極域科学シンポジウム　氷床コアセッション 11月16日（水） 国立極地研究所 2階大会議室前フロ

High variablity of Greenland surface temperature over the past 4000 years estimated from trapped air in ice core

第2回極域科学シンポジウム　氷床コアセッション 11月16日（水） 国立極地研究所 2階大会議

Japanese glaciological activities at NEEM, Greenland

第2回極域科学シンポジウム　氷床コアセッション 11月16日（水） 国立極地研究所 2階大会議室前フロ

Paleogene cooling (55-30 MA) as inferred from oxygen isotope variation within mollusc shells

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-94).Issued also on microfiche from Lange Micrographics.Paleogene cooling (c. 50-30 Ma) started sometime in the early-middle Eocene. This was a time when high-latitude and deep-sea temperatures were significantly warmer than today. This cooling culminated during the earliest Oligocene marked by the sudden appearance of a major continental glacier on Antarctica. We examine this cooling trend by analyzing oxygen isotope variation within mollusc shells from the Gulf Coastal Plain of the southern U.S. Our records show a secular cooling trend of mean annual temperature (MAT) in the Mississippi Embayment from an early Eocene tropical climate (26-27 ⁰C), with a seasonal temperature range (seasonality) of ~6 ⁰C, to an Oligocene paratropical climate (22-23⁰C) with an seasonality of ~8 ⁰C. These temperature records agree well with terrestrial climate proxies. This secular cooling trend, combined with sea-level change, was likely one of the major causes of molluscan turnover in the Mississippi Embayment to cool-tolerant taxa along the Paleogene cooling. Winter temperatures steadily decreased from the middle Eocene to early Oligocene. This contrasts with the sudden winter cooling at Eocene-Oligocene boundary proposed by Ivany et al. (2000). We examined seasonal temperature distribution of the modern marine shelf of the present northern U.S. Gulf Coast. A deeper water temperature model fits well with isotopic temperature profiles derived from fossils shells of the Red Bluff and Yazoo Formations shells, consistent with the paleobathymetry estimates inferred from independent proxies. This reveals that depth effect is one of the major factors controlling seasonality recorded in mollusc shells, resulting in decreasing MAT estimates when temperature stratification exists as in the present ocean. Warm Eocene low-latitude temperatures derived from molluscan oxygen isotope data agree with computer modeling results incorporating higher greenhouse gas concentrations. This supports the contention that the major reason for warm earth climate is elevated concentration of the greenhouse gases, giving a new insight for future climate response to anthropogenic CO₂ increase

Paleogene cooling (55-30 MA) as inferred from oxygen isotope variation within mollusc shells

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-94).Issued also on microfiche from Lange Micrographics.Paleogene cooling (c. 50-30 Ma) started sometime in the early-middle Eocene. This was a time when high-latitude and deep-sea temperatures were significantly warmer than today. This cooling culminated during the earliest Oligocene marked by the sudden appearance of a major continental glacier on Antarctica. We examine this cooling trend by analyzing oxygen isotope variation within mollusc shells from the Gulf Coastal Plain of the southern U.S. Our records show a secular cooling trend of mean annual temperature (MAT) in the Mississippi Embayment from an early Eocene tropical climate (26-27 ⁰C), with a seasonal temperature range (seasonality) of ~6 ⁰C, to an Oligocene paratropical climate (22-23⁰C) with an seasonality of ~8 ⁰C. These temperature records agree well with terrestrial climate proxies. This secular cooling trend, combined with sea-level change, was likely one of the major causes of molluscan turnover in the Mississippi Embayment to cool-tolerant taxa along the Paleogene cooling. Winter temperatures steadily decreased from the middle Eocene to early Oligocene. This contrasts with the sudden winter cooling at Eocene-Oligocene boundary proposed by Ivany et al. (2000). We examined seasonal temperature distribution of the modern marine shelf of the present northern U.S. Gulf Coast. A deeper water temperature model fits well with isotopic temperature profiles derived from fossils shells of the Red Bluff and Yazoo Formations shells, consistent with the paleobathymetry estimates inferred from independent proxies. This reveals that depth effect is one of the major factors controlling seasonality recorded in mollusc shells, resulting in decreasing MAT estimates when temperature stratification exists as in the present ocean. Warm Eocene low-latitude temperatures derived from molluscan oxygen isotope data agree with computer modeling results incorporating higher greenhouse gas concentrations. This supports the contention that the major reason for warm earth climate is elevated concentration of the greenhouse gases, giving a new insight for future climate response to anthropogenic CO₂ increase