Time-series Anomaly Detection based on Difference Subspace between Signal Subspaces

This paper proposes a new method for anomaly detection in time-series data by incorporating the concept of difference subspace into the singular spectrum analysis (SSA). The key idea is to monitor slight temporal variations of the difference subspace between two signal subspaces corresponding to the past and present time-series data, as anomaly score. It is a natural generalization of the conventional SSA-based method which measures the minimum angle between the two signal subspaces as the degree of changes. By replacing the minimum angle with the difference subspace, our method boosts the performance while using the SSA-based framework as it can capture the whole structural difference between the two subspaces in its magnitude and direction. We demonstrate our method's effectiveness through performance evaluations on public time-series datasets.Comment: 8pages, an acknowledgement was added to v

Discriminant feature extraction by generalized difference subspace

This paper reveals the discriminant ability of the orthogonal projection of data onto a generalized difference subspace (GDS) both theoretically and experimentally. In our previous work, we have demonstrated that GDS projection works as the quasi-orthogonalization of class subspaces. Interestingly, GDS projection also works as a discriminant feature extraction through a similar mechanism to the Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA). A direct proof of the connection between GDS projection and FDA is difficult due to the significant difference in their formulations. To avoid the difficulty, we first introduce geometrical Fisher discriminant analysis (gFDA) based on a simplified Fisher criterion. gFDA can work stably even under few samples, bypassing the small sample size (SSS) problem of FDA. Next, we prove that gFDA is equivalent to GDS projection with a small correction term. This equivalence ensures GDS projection to inherit the discriminant ability from FDA via gFDA. Furthermore, we discuss two useful extensions of these methods, 1) nonlinear extension by kernel trick, 2) the combination of convolutional neural network (CNN) features. The equivalence and the effectiveness of the extensions have been verified through extensive experiments on the extended Yale B+, CMU face database, ALOI, ETH80, MNIST and CIFAR10, focusing on the SSS problem

99mTc generator using molybdenum nanoparticles

The version of record of this article, first published in Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, is available online at Publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-023-09173-

Effects of daily alcohol intake on glomerular filtration rate over three years

Background: The association between daily alcohol intake and changes in renal function in the Japanese general population is not well established. Methods: We analyzed data from 150 residents who underwent specific health checkups held in Mishima Town in 2016 and 2019. We divided participants on the basis of alcohol consumption: residents with daily alcohol intake of < 20 g/day (the none-to-low group, n = 104, 69.3%); those with daily alcohol intake of ≥ 20 but < 40 g/day (the intermediate group, n = 30, 20.0%); and those with daily alcohol intake of ≥ 40 g/day (the high group, n = 16, 10.7%). We compared baseline characteristics. The primary endpoint was a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), defined as the decrease in eGFR greater than the median decrease over three years. Results: The three-year changes in eGFR were +0.3 (-4.8, +3.0), -2.3 (-5.1, +1.2), and -4.9 (-8.2, -2.9) mL/min/1.73 m2 in the none-to-low, intermediate, and high groups, respectively (P = 0.007). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a high amount of alcohol intake was independently associated with a decrease in eGFR, with adjusted odds ratio of 11.418 (95% confidence interval 1.554-83.879, P = 0.017). Conclusion: A high average daily alcohol intake is associated with a decrease in eGFR

A marine phytoplankton (Prymnesium parvum) up-regulates ABC transporters and several other proteins to acclimatize with Fe-limitation

Iron (Fe) is one of the vital limiting factors for phytoplankton in vast regions of the contemporary oceans, notably the high nutrient low chlorophyll regions. Therefore, it is apparent to be acquainted with the Fe uptake strategy of marine phytoplankton under Fe-limited condition. In the present study, marine phytoplankton Prymnesium parvum was grown under Fe-deplete (0.0025 μM) and Fe-rich (0.05 μM) conditions, and proteomic responses of the organism to Fe conditions were compared. In sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis, 7 proteins (16, 18, 32, 34, 75, 82, and 116. kDa) were highly expressed under Fe-deplete condition, while one protein (23. kDa) was highly expressed under Fe-rich condition. These proteins were subjected to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) to differentiate individual proteins, and were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis. The results showed that under Fe-deplete condition P. parvum increases the biosynthesis of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, flagellar associated protein (FAP), and Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase. These proteins are assumed to be involved in a number of cellular biochemical processes that facilitate Fe acquisition in phytoplankton. Under Fe-deplete condition, P. parvum increases the synthesis of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCo), malate dehydrogenase, and two Fe-independent oxidative stress response proteins, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and Serine threonine kinase (STK). Thus, marine phytoplankton may change their Fe acquisition strategy by altering the biosynthesis of several proteins in order to cope with Fe-limitation. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd

The degree of microRNA-34b/c methylation in serum-circulating DNA is associated with malignant pleural mesothelioma

Objectives: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. microRNA-34b/c (miR-34b/c), which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MPM, is frequently downregulated by DNA methylation in approximately 90% of MPM cases. In this study, we estimated the degree of miR-34b/c methylation in serum-circulating DNA using a digital methylation specific PCR assay (MSP). Materials and methods: A real-time MSP assay was performed using the SYBR Green method. The melting temperature (Tm) of each PCR product was examined using a melting curve analysis. For a digital MSP assay, 40 wells were analyzed per sample. A total of 110 serum samples from 48 MPM cases, 21 benign asbestos pleurisy (BAP) cases, and 41 healthy volunteers (HVs) were examined. Results: Positive range of Tm value for miR-34b/c methylation was defined as 77.71-78.79 degrees C which was the mean 3 standard deviations of 40 wells of a positive control. The number of miR-34b/c methylated wells was counted per sample according to this criterion. The number of miR-34b/c methylated wells in MPM cases was significantly higher than that in BAP cases (P = 0.03) or HVs (P < 0.001). Advanced MPM cases tended to have higher number of miR-34b/c methylated wells than early MPM cases. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that three number of miR-34b/c methylated wells per sample was the best cut-off of positivity of MPM with a 67% of sensitivity and a 77% specificity for prediction. The area under the ROC curve was 0.77. Conclusions: Our digital MSP assay can quantify miR-34b/c methylation in serum-circulating DNA. The degree of miR-34b/c methylation in serum-circulating DNA is associated with MPM, suggesting that this approach might be useful for the establishment of a new detection system for MPM

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Effects of Insertion Timing of Video Advertisements on Memory and Purchase Intent for YouTube

The effect of Internet advertising is increasing due to the prevalence of smartphones and high-speed communication. Among them, video advertisements featured on video sharing platforms, such as YouTube, are attracting attention. Effective distribution methods on these platforms are being actively discussed. However, research on the insertion timing of video advertisements (beginning, middle, or end) has been insufficient. Since viewers’ attention differs in the beginning, middle, and end of video content, it is presumed that the effect of the advertisements on viewers will change based on their presentation time. In this study, we tested the following two hypotheses for video advertisements of tea and fitness gyms on YouTube: (1) The video advertisements inserted in the middle of the video are more memorable than those inserted in the beginning and end. (2) The video advertisements inserted in the beginning and end of the video have more influence on purchase intent than those inserted in the middle. Randomized controlled trials were conducted and both hypotheses were supported. Therefore, there is a need for video platform operators to build a mechanism to set the insertion timing of video advertisements according to the objective of the advertiser