<Vocabulary> Basic Vocabulary of Khengkha with English-Chinese Index Ver. 6 (2021/02/28)

Based on the [CALMSEA] or The Matisoff 200-word list arranged by semantic categories and correlated with some reconstructed roots in STC, TSR, etc

<Vocabulary> An Introduction to Khengkha: A Language of Central Bhutan

The Kheng Language (also known as Khengkha in Bhutan) is one of the major languages in Central Bhutan, belonging to the East Bodic branch of Tibeto-Burman languages. The main languages spoken in Bhutan are Dzongkha in the western, Bumthap in the central, and Tsangla (a.k.a Sharchop) in the eastern areas. Dzongkha is the national language of Bhutan, and it is spoken as the mother tongue around Thimphu, the nation's capital. It is classified as a southern dialect of Tibetan. Tsangla in eastern Bhutan is also distributed in Arunachal Pradesh in India and metog rdzong in South Tibet, China, spoken by Mon people. Bumthap, in Central Bhutan, has the Mangdep and Kurtöp dialects beside Khengkha, but they have not been studied in detail yet except for Kurtöp. Khenkha is considered a major dialect of Bumthap and it is obvious that the appearance of the language is influenced by Dzongkha, however, they also preserve old constituents, such as the numeral system, that date back to before the formation of written Tibetan. As there is a lack in sufficient data for a historical study on Khengkha, this paper aims to provide a basic vocabulary and grammatical sketch based on the Matisoff 200 Word List, which was designed for the historical study of Tibeto-Burman languages. This list includes written Tibetan and reconstructed Proto-Tibeto-Burman words equated to English items. Through field research, I recorded language data of Dzongkha, Bumthap, and Tsangla. By cross-referencing and comparing Khengkha words to the data collected, we may be able to see and indicate which words are preserving old forms, corresponding to written Tibetan, or borrowing from Dzongkha or surrounding languages. I hope this introductory work containing the word list will contribute to the investigation of the historical development of Khengkha and further field research

Negation in Mu-nya

This report was presented at the 53th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Language and Linguistics held at the University of North Texas, October 2-4, 2020.The Mu-nya language belongs to the Qiangic branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family and is spoken by Tibetans living around Mt. Minya Konka in Sichuan, southwest China. The general expression for ‘not be’ by the speaker’s recognition, such as ‘A is not B’, is expressed as A B /ȵɯ³³- ŋɐ⁵⁵(ti³³)/ in Mu-nya. /ŋɐ⁵⁵/ is a declarative, a part of speech, which expresses a statement with certainty, while /ti³³/ is another declarative that conveys a statement with confirmation. These two declaratives are often used in combination, and the negator /ȵɯ³³-/ precedes them. Huang (1991) revealed that Mu-nya has three kinds of negative prefixes: /ȵɯ³³-/ is the general negator and is also used in the verb predicate under the imperfect aspect; /mɐ³³-/ is used under the perfect aspect; and /tɕɯ³³-/ is used for prohibitive statements. Apart from Huang’s simple observation, Mu-nya has complex negative expressions that have not been reported in detail thus far. This study analyzes the basic functions and grammatical behavior of negators in Mu-nya concerning evidentiality, focusing on negating target items such as the verb, the suffix (=aspect), or the declarative (=evidential) in verb predicates. From my perspective, the negator /ȵɯ³³-/ does not negate the verb stem directly (except for stative verbs), and mainly appears preceding the position of declaratives, or often precedes the imperfect verb suffix /-po³³/ to negate it directly. In contrast, the negator /mɐ³³-/ appears at the preceding position of an active verb stem under the perfect aspect, or often negates the perfect verb suffix /-sɯ³³/ directly. In addition, I will introduce some dialectal varieties corresponding to the general negative expression /ȵɯ³³- ŋɐ⁵⁵(ti³³)/ ‘not be’ in Mu-nya

Baryon interactions from lattice QCD with physical quark masses -- Nuclear forces and ΞΞ\Xi\Xi forces --

We present the latest lattice QCD results for baryon interactions obtained at nearly physical quark masses. $N_f = 2+1$ nonperturbatively ${\cal O}(a)$-improved Wilson quark action with stout smearing and Iwasaki gauge action are employed on the lattice of (96a)^4 \simeq (8.1\mbox{fm})^4 with $a^{-1} \simeq 2.3$ GeV, where $m_\pi \simeq 146$ MeV and $m_K \simeq 525$ MeV. In this report, we study the two-nucleon systems and two-$\Xi$ systems in $^1S_0$ channel and $^3S_1$-$^3D_1$ coupled channel, and extract central and tensor interactions by the HAL QCD method. We also present the results for the $N\Omega$ interaction in $^5S_2$ channel which is relevant to the $N\Omega$ pair-momentum correlation in heavy-ion collision experiments.Comment: Talk given at 35th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2017), Granada, Spain, 18-24 Jun 2017, 8 pages, 9 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1702.0160

Most Strange Dibaryon from Lattice QCD

The $\Omega\Omega$ system in the $^1S_0$ channel (the most strange dibaryon) is studied on the basis of the (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD simulations with a large volume (8.1 fm)$^3$ and nearly physical pion mass $m_{\pi}\simeq 146$ MeV at a lattice spacing $a\simeq 0.0846$ fm. We show that lattice QCD data analysis by the HAL QCD method leads to the scattering length $a_0 = 4.6 (6)(^{+1.2}_{-0.5}) {\rm fm}$, the effective range $r_{\rm eff} = 1.27 (3)(^{+0.06}_{-0.03}) {\rm fm}$ and the binding energy $B_{\Omega \Omega} = 1.6 (6) (^{+0.7}_{-0.6}) {\rm MeV}$. These results indicate that the $\Omega\Omega$ system has an overall attraction and is located near the unitary regime. Such a system can be best searched experimentally by the pair-momentum correlation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.Comment: 6 pages and 4 figure

Towards Lattice QCD Baryon Forces at the Physical Point: First Results

Lattice QCD calculations of baryon forces are performed for the first time with (almost) physical quark masses. $N_f = 2+1$ dynamical clover fermion gauge configurations are generated at the lattice spacing of $a \simeq 0.085$ fm on a $(96 a)^4 \simeq (8.2 {\rm fm})^4$ lattice with quark masses corresponding to $(m_\pi, m_K) \simeq (146, 525)$ MeV. Baryon forces are calculated using the time-dependent HAL QCD method. In this report, we study $\Xi\Xi$ and $NN$ systems both in $^1S_0$ and $^3S_1$-$^3D_1$ channels, and the results for the central and tensor forces as well as phase shifts in the $\Xi\Xi$ $(^1S_0)$ channel are presented.Comment: Talk given at the 12th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics (HYP2015), Sendai, Japan, 7-12 Sep 2015, 4 pages, 6 figure