Evaluation of Fast-food and Prepared Food Contamination with Health Pests

Background: Biologic and pathogenic contamination of food is the most important cause of illness and death in developing countries. Providing food security during the food preparation for restaurants and self-services is very important. The aim of this study was to determine level of prepared food contamination with egg, larvae and adult insects, or other health pests. Methods: In a period of 3 years, samples of food (26) suspected to be contaminated with biological agents related to various restaurants and universities� self-services and were investigated. Organs or larval stages of insects were isolated and were later cleaned using water. The samples were identified using a stereo microscope. The results were compared using images and tables. Results: Contaminated food and fast food including kabab koobideh and celery stew respectively accounted for highest (19) and lowest (1 case) contamination rate in the present study. The contamination rate of the other studied foods was as follow: Rice and raw milk each respectively 15.5, Kale pache and soup each 11.5, Ghorme sabzi, khorest-e-gheyme and hamburger each with 7.7. Conclusion: Supply of primary healthy food sources and securing food safety during preparation as well as complete and accurate maintenance of food up to the consumption phase are among the most important measures to be considered to prevent food contamination with insect larvae. Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Communicable Disease

Contamination status of hospitals and health care centers by rodents (Rodentia: Muridae) in Iran

Introduction: Rats are considered as an important potential reservoir for some zoonotic diseases and have an important role in the transmission and spreading them. This research was performed with the purpose of studying the contamination status of hospitals and health care centers in Kashan. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, six hospitals and 17 health care centers in Kashan were studied. Traps were placed in different parts of the hospitals and health care centers. Rats were recognized based on their morphological parameters and the related information was recorded in the questionnaires. After extracting the necessary data, tables and graphs were drawn and the results were analyzed. Results: This study showed that out of six studying hospitals, four were contaminated by rats and out of these four hospitals, one unit was contaminated by Rattuss rattusus and three units by Mus musculus. Also out of 17 health care centers, four were contaminated by house mice. Discussion and Conclusion: Contamination and damage by rats in hospitals and health care centers is significant. It is recommended that authorities take necessary measures to prevent the contamination of hospitals and health care centers by rats. They should also try to control or eradicate them. Copyright © 2018 Journal of Communicable Diseases

Introducing of a new sting agent of velvet ant dentilla sp. (hymenoptera: Mutillidae) in Kashan, centerl of Iran (2014-2015)

Background: Velvet ants (Mutillid wasps) are among the venomous and stinging insects, which their existence has been reported from different areas of Iran. Objectives: Since no study has been done so far in Iran in regards to their sting, their clinical complications and their sting are studied for the first time in Kashan. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study that was performed during 2014-2015, 49 individuals stung by velvet ants in the residential areas in Kashan were assessed. Identification of the sting agent was according to the morphologic specifications of the collected samples of the insect in the houses of the injured. Sting complications in the individuals were studied according to the clinical manifestation and the time of the sting, which was from June to September. Results: In this study, the sting agent was identified as velvet ants, Dentilla genus. Most sting cases were in the age group of 11-20 years with 30.5 and the lowest belonged to the age groups of 31-40 and 41-50 years. The first sign of the sting was a severe and sharp pain. The highest percentage of redness in the individuals was 47 in the first day, and the lowest belonged to four or five days after the sting with 2. Intense itching was one of the main symptoms of velvet ant stings. In the final stages of pain and itching, hemolysis and bruise signs were observed as brown spots. Conclusions: Velvet ant stings have not been reported so far from Kashan. Due to the high cases of stinging in the women carpet weaving workshops, their sitting rooms, and bed rooms, it can be concluded that this arthropod is a domestic pest. Therefore, control and prevention of its potential damages must be programmed accordingly. © 2018, Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases

Head louse infestation rate in primary school students of Badrud, Isfahan-Iran

Of the 1595 students at different elementary grades, 115 female students and 10 male students were found infested with head louse. The relative frequency of head louse infestation was 7.2 and 0.62 for girls and boys, respectively. Accordingly, the highest rate of head louse infestation was in the age group of 7 years and the first grade, while the lowest rate of head louse infestation was observed in the age group of 12 years and the sixth grade. Further study shows that girls are more exposed to head louse infestation than boys. © 2019 Malhotra Publishing House

Environmental control methods against wild and domestic species of Muridae family: A review

Rat and mice are the major pests which cause a large number of common diseases between humans and animals. Several methods have been used to combat these pests. A new environmental control method of rat is presented for urban, rural and natural areas in Iran. The results showed that keeping the rat away and improving residential areas are two of the most effective and less costly methods to prevent the rat. Removing water and food supplies in all cases reduces the population and damage caused by rat. © 2018, Malhotra Publishing House

Case report of Stomoxys calcitrans bites in residential area of Kashan, Iran

Stomoxys calcitrans has spread throughout the world and can be found anywhere food and weather conditions are desired. This is the first report of fly biting in Iran caused by Stomoxys calcitrans in Ravand, West of Kashan, central of Iran. Based on our survey, traditional home aviary in the garden courtyard was the development and breeding place of these flies. These flies can painfuly bit during the day. The larvaes and pupa were removed from birdhouse floor and transported to Entomology laboratory of Environmental Health Group, Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Laboratory tests determined that larvaes and pupa belonged to Stomoxys calcitrans species. By using insecticide spraying in the aviary floor by Sevin, bitings were stopped. The present study was the first report on the stable fly bites in Iran. Consumption remaining of vegetables as food in aviary house would attract reproduction of the Stomoxys calcitrans flies

Evaluation of the efficiency of wastewater treatment plant in removal of parasitic eggs in Kashan University of Medical Sciences

The results showed that the monthly average of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs, Enterobius vermicularis, freeliving nematodes and Dicrocoelium dendriticum in the effluent of wastewater treatment plant, were 9.86, 2.64, 2.89 and 8.47 eggs per liter, respectively. The average number of parasitic eggs in the effluent of wastewater treatment plant was less than one. As a result, the efficiency of the treatment plant in their removal was 95.61, 100, 97.25, and 95.70, respectively and can easily meet the standards for reuse in agricultural irrigation (Angleburg Index: Nematode Egg: � 1 in liters). © 2018 MPH

Modeling of water consumption per capita in Kashan as an Iranian desert area with a view to Global warming

AbSTRAcT there was a meaningful relation between liter per consumption day (Lpcd) and temperature during modeling of water consumption. the linear regression showed that the relation between Lpcd and the min and max temperature was strong and positive (r>0.8, P<0.001), while the relation between Lpcd and precipitation was weak and negative (r = -0.153 and P<0.001). the multivariate regression model for Lpcd prediction was derived from weather conditions (r 2 Adjusted = 0.793). Key words : Desert area, global warming, Kashan, Lpcd, weather condition

Uncommon human urinary tract myiasis due to Psychoda sp. Larvae, Kashan, Iran: A case report

Contamination of human and animal body tissues with flies� larvae and diptera cause myiasis. A 26 yr old female patient refers to Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital, central Iran because of urogenital infection, pain in the right part of stomach, smelly and red-dish vaginal discharge and frequent urination. In the first checking, urine sample was taken. In the sample, active and alive larvae were seen. The live samples were taken to the Environmental Health Department Lab of Kashan University of Medical Sciences in clean glass jars. In the morphological survey, Psychoda sp larvae were identified. In Iran, this study is the first report of this species of larva that causes urinary myiasis. This fly larva is not carnivore or bloodsucker and feeds on bacterial agents. Obser-vance of personal hygiene especially during defecation and urination is essential to prevent contamination of this type of myiasis. © 2016, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). All rights reserved

The study of quantity change and composition variations of municipal solid waste in Sareyn as a touristic city to improve municipal solid waste management

Background and Objectives. Investigating the amount and composition of municipal solid waste components, as an essential information, is required to design, operate and optimize the municipal solid waste management systems. The ultimate goal of this research is to explore the quantity change and physical variations of Sareyn municipal solid waste. Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive-cross sectional, conducted. Sampling was simple random and physical analysis was conducted according to the ASTM standard of MSW. Total of 28 samples were taken from the trucks brought to the landfill site. Results: The average amount of MSW production in Sareyn is 19.1 tons each day while the highest amount in summer is 35.1 and the lowest in winter is 10.46. The density of Sareyn MSW in the autumn is in the highest value and in the summer is in the lowest value equal to 386.1 and 349.1 kg / m3 respectively. The putrescible materials; 65.66 percent, have the highest amount, and the rest of the components consisting of plastics, rubbish and trash, paper and paperboard, wood, glass, textiles and metals, respectively. Conclusion: According to the conditions of Sareyn touristic city and in order to provide the required health care, it is necessary to review and plan a proper Municipal Solid Waste Management System, increase the number of collections of MSW during peak periods, locate a new place for landfill, and educate the citizens about the waste reduction and waste separation at the source. © 2019 Widener University School of Civil Engineering. All rights reserved