Asymmetric Leakage from Multiplier and Collision-Based Single-Shot Side-Channel Attack

The single-shot collision attack on RSA proposed by Hanley et al. is studied focusing on the difference between two operands of multiplier. It is shown that how leakage from integer multiplier and long-integer multiplication algorithm can be asymmetric between two operands. The asymmetric leakage is verified with experiments on FPGA and micro-controller platforms. Moreover, we show an experimental result in which success and failure of the attack is determined by the order of operands. Therefore, designing operand order can be a cost-effective countermeasure. Meanwhile we also show a case in which a particular countermeasure becomes ineffective when the asymmetric leakage is considered. In addition to the above main contribution, an extension of the attack by Hanley et al. using the signal-processing technique of Big Mac Attack is presented

LSH-RANSAC: An Incremental Scheme for Scalable Localization

This paper addresses the problem of feature- based robot localization in large-size environments. With recent progress in SLAM techniques, it has become crucial for a robot to estimate the self-position in real-time with respect to a large- size map that can be incrementally build by other mapper robots. Self-localization using large-size maps have been studied in litelature, but most of them assume that a complete map is given prior to the self-localization task. In this paper, we present a novel scheme for robot localization as well as map representation that can successfully work with large-size and incremental maps. This work combines our two previous works on incremental methods, iLSH and iRANSAC, for appearance- based and position-based localization

Nanocrystalline structure and microhardness of cobalt-chromium alloys electrochemically synthesized using a metal hydroxide coprecipitation technique

The effect of glycine as a complexing agent on metal hydroxide formation, such as Co(OH)2 and Cr(OH)3, was investigated based on potential-pH diagrams and titration curves for Co2+-H2O and Cr3+−H2O systems. Using a potentiostatic　electrodeposition technique, Co–Cr alloy-based composite films containing Cr2O3were synthesized from a non-suspended aqueous solution within an optimized pH range. Chromium content in the composite films was controlled up to 38.9% by adjusting the cathode potential during the alloy　electrodeposition. Based on the XRD profiles and electron diffraction patterns, an amorphous-like nanocrystalline structure was observed in the composite films with high chromium content. The average crystal grain size declined due to Cr2O3 particles and hydrogen evolution during the electrodeposition process. Saturation magnetization of the composite films decreased with an increase in the chromium content. Synergistic contribution of increasing dislocation density and refining crystal grain size improved the microhardness of the composite films. The microhardness reached 624.2 kgf mm−2 and greatly exceeded that of pure cobalt (ca. 250–300 kgf mm−2)

Determination of Crystal Growth Geometry Factors and Nucleation Site Densities of Electrodeposited Ferromagnetic Cobalt Nanowire Arrays

The time-dependence of electrochemical reduction current, which was observed during the one-dimensional (1-D) crystal growth of ferromagnetic cobalt nanowire arrays, was analyzed by Johnson?Mehl?Avrami?Kolmogorov (JMAK) theory. Textured hcp-Co nanowire arrays were synthesized by potentio-static electrochemical reduction of Co 2+ ions in anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) nanochannel films. Crystal growth geometry factor n in the JMAK equation was determined to be ca. 1. Hence, the electrochemical crystal growth process of a numerical nanowires array can be explained by 1-D geometry. The crystal nucleation frequency factor, k in JMAK equation was estimated to be the range between 10 ?4 and 10 ?3 . Our experimental results revealed that the crystal nucleation site density N d increased up to 2.7 × 10 ?8 nm ?3 when increasing the overpotential for cobalt electrodeposition by shifting the cathode potential down to ?0.85 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The (002) crystal orientation of hcp-Co nanowire arrays was, remarkably, observed by decreasing N d . Spontaneous magnetization behavior was observed in the axial direction of nanowires. By decreasing the overpotential for cobalt electrodeposition, the coercivity of the nanocomposite film increased and reached up to 1.88 kOe, with a squareness of ca. 0.9 at room temperature

Dioxidobis(pentane-2,4-dionato-κ2 O,O′)(pyridine-4-carbaldehyde oxime-κN 1)uranium(VI)

The title compound, [U(C5H7O2)2O2(C6H6N2O)], exhibits a penta­gonal–bipyramidal coordination geometry around the UVI atom, involving two bidentate acetyl­acetonate ions and the pyridine ring of the pyridine-4-carbaldehyde oxime ligand. Hydrogen bonds exist between the OH group of the pyridine-4-carbaldehyde oxime ligand and the two O atoms of the acetyl­acetonate ions

Magnetization and microhardness of iron–chromium alloy films electrodeposited from an aqueous solution containing N, N-dimethylformamide

Iron-chromium (Fe–Cr) alloy films were electrochemically synthesized from an aqueous solution containing N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The chromium content of the alloy films increased up to ca. 32 at%, with an increase in the cathodic overpotential during the electrodeposition. Based on the XRD profiles and electron diffraction patterns, it was revealed that the electrodeposited Fe–Cr alloy films have an amorphous nanocrystalline structure. The crystal grain size of the alloys decreased due to an alloying effect of Cr atoms as well as an increase in the nucleation site density of the alloys that were electrodeposited, accompanying a significant overpotential from the stable complex ions. The saturation magnetization of the electrodeposited Fe–Cr alloy films decreased with an increase in the chromium content. On the contrary, the microhardness increased due to the synergistic contribution of solid solution strengthening and crystal grain refinement. The microhardness of the electrodeposited Fe–Cr alloy films reached up to 422.0 kgf/mm2 (HV0.05) and greatly exceeded that of the solidified Fe–Cr alloy ingots

Two Operands of Multipliers in Side-Channel Attack

The single-shot collision attack on RSA proposed by Hanley et al. is studied focusing on the difference between two operands of multipliers. There are two consequences. Firstly, designing order of operands can be a cost-effective countermeasure. We show a concrete example in which operand order determines success and failure of the attack. Secondly, countermeasures can be ineffective if the asymmetric leakage is considered. In addition to the main results, the attack by Hanley et al. is extended using the signal-processing technique of the big mac attack. An experimental result to successfully analyze an FPGA implementation of RSA with the multiply-always method is also presented

Continuous monitoring of groundwater radon for evaluating chemical and structural properties and fluid flow variations of shallow aquifer systems

We have carried out continuous monitoring of radon concentration in groundwater at eight wells in Nishinomiya City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. The shallowest major aquifer, which we call the first aquifer, extends widely at a depth about 3-5 meters in the region. We pay our major attention to the first aquifer, because it provides us with abundant high quality water, which has long been utilized for brewing Sake. We made the radon monitoring at 5 wells tapping the first aquifer. The first aquifer can be characterized by very high radon concentration and its large temporal variation. Time-averaged values of radon concentration at 4 shallow wells were about 70-80 Bq/l, which is almost the highest value ever reported for natural water throughout the Japanese Islands. These high radon concentrations can be attributed to uranium-rich sediments in the aquifer, which had been brought from the Rokko Mountains region on the north. Large temporal variations of radon concentration observed at the shallow wells probably reflect the heterogeneous distribution of the grain size of sediments, which makes the groundwater flow unstable. We examined radon concentrations in deeper aquifers at three wells with depths of 8-17 m for comparison. Absolute values of radon concentrations and their temporal variations at the deeper wells are smaller than those in the first aquifer, which suggests the small contributions of uranium-rich sands to the sediments compared with the first aquifer. The radon concentration at a well with a depth of 16 m showed periodical variations responding to the ocean tide, which demonstrates that very small signals of crustal deformations can be detected by the continuous monitoring of groundwater radon

Microhardness and heat-resistance performance of ferromagnetic cobalt-molybdenum nanocrystals electrodeposited from an aqueous solution containing citric acid

Using a potentiostatic electrodeposition technique, nanocrystalline cobalt-molybdenum (Co-Mo) superalloys containing molybdenum oxide (MoOX) were synthesized from an aqueous solution containing citric acid. Molybdenum content in the alloys was controlled up to approximately 53% by adjusting the cathode potential during the alloy electrodeposition. Based on theXRDprofiles and electron diffraction patterns, an amorphous-like nanocrystalline structure was observed in the alloys with high molybdenum content. XPS analysis revealed that the chemical state of electrodeposited molybdenum was almost metallic and the oxide state was also detected partially. According to the magnetization curves, the coercivity of electrodeposited Co-Mo alloys decreased down to approximately 72 Oe with increasing the molybdenum content up to around 53%. The microhardness reached 845 kgfmm−2 in the electrodeposited Co-53%Mo alloy and greatly exceeded that of pure cobalt (ca. 250–300 kgfmm−2). Heat resistance performance of the electrodeposited nanocrystalline Co-53%Mo alloy was improved by theMoalloying effect because the recrystallization and oxidation behavior were not observed even if the annealing temperature was increased up to 700 °C

Spontaneous complete necrosis of hepatocellular carcinoma caused by feeding vessel occlusion outside the tumour capsule

A 64-year-old man began treatment for chronic hepatitis C with peg-interferon and ribavirin. His hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid (HCV-RNA) results turned negative. Just after the treatment, a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a hypovascular mass in the segment 8. We performed a right hemihepatectomy as HCC. Upon macroscopic examination, the tumour was yellow and firm with a fibrous capsule. A wedge-shaped necrotic area was located at the top of an artery and a portal vein of segment 8. Necrosis was observed not only in the tumour but in the adjacent parenchyma. A histopathological examination showed that the tumour had been completely replaced by necrosis. This tumour was surrounded by capillary vessels and fed by several thick arteries, but organized thrombi were not detected. No viable cells were found. The histopathological diagnosis was a spontaneous complete necrosis of HCC caused by the occlusion of feeding vessels outside the capsule