Paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic records through Marine Isotope Stage 19 at the Chiba composite section, central Japan: A key reference for the EarlyeMiddle Pleistocene Subseries boundary

Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 19 is an important analogue for the present interglacial because of its similar orbital configuration, especially the phasing of the obliquity maximum to precession minimum. However, sedimentary records suitable for capturing both terrestrial and marine environmental changes are limited, and thus the climatic forcing mechanisms for MIS 19 are still largely unknown. The Chiba composite section, east-central Japanese archipelago, is a continuous and expanded marine sedimentary succession well suited to capture terrestrial and marine environmental changes through MIS 19. In this study, a detailed oxygen isotope chronology is established from late MIS 20 to early MIS 18, supported by a U-Pb zircon age and the presence of the Matuyama–Brunhes boundary. New pollen, marine microfossil, and planktonic foraminiferal δ18O and Mg/Ca paleotemperature records reveal the complex interplay of climatic influences. Our pollen data suggest that the duration of full interglacial conditions during MIS 19 extends from 785.0 to 775.1 ka (9.9 kyr), which offers an important natural baseline in predicting the duration of the present interglacial. A Younger Dryas-type cooling event is present during Termination IX, suggesting that such events are linked to this orbital configuration. Millennial- to multi-millennial-scale variations in our δ18O and Mg/Ca records imply that the Subarctic Front fluctuated in the northwestern Pacific Ocean during late MIS 19, probably in response to East Asian winter monsoon variability. The climatic setting at this time appears to be related to less severe summer insolation minima at 65˚N and/or high winter insolation at 50˚N. Our records do not support a recently hypothesized direct coupling between variations in the geomagnetic field intensity and global/regional climate change. Our highly resolved paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic records, coupled with a well-defined Matuyama–Brunhes boundary (772.9 ka; duration 1.9 kyr), establish the Chiba composite section as an exceptional climatic and chronological reference section for the Early–Middle Pleistocene boundary.ArticleQuaternary Science Reviews 191: 406-430(2018)journal articl

フィリピン ノ カガク リテラシー イクセイ カリキュラム ノ ジッタイ : フリコ ノ ジッセン カラ ミタ セイト ノ モンダイ カイケツ ノウリョク ノ ゲンジョウ

本稿では，フィリピンの理科教育，特に中学1 年生の問題解決能力の育成に焦点を当てた理科授業の改善を図るために，Science 分野のK to 12 Curriculum Guide (Grade 3 to Grade 10) と日本の学習指導要領を比較し，実際に両国で振り子の授業を行い，授業で見られた児童・生徒の姿をもとに問題解決能力と科学的リテラシーについて分析した。その結果，フィリピンと日本の学習内容や育成するべき問題解決能力には大きな差はないが，日本は観察・実験を通した探究的な学習を進めている一方，フィリピンでは知識獲得に重点が置かれた教師の説明中心であるという，児童・生徒の学習方法に差があることがわかった。この実践から，限定的ではあるが，学習方法の差が，児童・生徒の問題解決能力の育成と科学的リテラシーに大きな影響を与えていることが分かった。We present the result of comparison of science education between Philippines and Japan. We first compared the curriculum guideline for K-12 (up to grade 9 in Japanese case), and then analyzed an experiment about characteristics of pendulum conducted at 7th grade in Philippines and 4th grade in Japan. The records of these two classes are analyzed focusing on how students thought and reacted at different steps in the experiment. We found that both countries aims students to master similar level of scientific knowledge and scientific literacy. However, due to the lack of funds and resources (e.g., number of teachers and experimental equipment), teachers in Philippines tend to use more of lecture style classes than student oriented hands-on experiments, which Japanese teachers consider an important factor for students\u27 learning. Comparing students\u27 reaction during the experiment in two countries, we conclude that this difference in teaching method affects the outcome of scientific literacy and problem solving skills in both countries

フィリピン カマリネス スルシュウ ニオケル ボウサイ ニ カンスル セイト ノ イシキ ニツイテ

本稿の目的は，フィリピン・カマリネス・スル州の地域に応じた学校防災教育プログラムを開発するために，同地域の自然災害と，それらに対する児童の認識，防災・減災に対する児童の知識についての調査を分析することである。カマリネス・スル州において複数小学校の４年生から６年生の児童計３９９名を対象に，アンケート調査を行い，以下のことが明らかになった。（１）地域で発生する自然災害は早期警告やリスクの伝達ができる台風が１番多いこと。（２）地域で自然災害により生じる被害は建物倒壊が１番多いこと。（３）一般的な防災の知識は主にラジオ・テレビから得ているが，地域の具体的な危険箇所や防災に役立つ物についての理解ではないこと。（４）７０％の家庭が自然災害発生に備えたなんらかの手立てを講じていること（５）ごく少数ではあるが，児童が理科の学習内容と防災学習を関連付けていること。（６）理科の学習内容は，児童に地域でどのような自然災害が発生するかについての認識力を高めていること。We analyzed children\u27s awareness and their knowledge about risk prevention/reduction about local disasters to develop a risk prevention education program that suits regions of Camarines Sur, Philippines. We conducted a questionnaire survey to total of 399 pupils in grades 4 and 6 in multiple elementary schools. From this we found that: (1) Typhoon is the most popular natural disaster and early warning system works very well, (2) the most damage by natural disaster is destruction of buildings, (3) people are obtaining general risk prevention knowledge by radio and television, yet information about specific locations that are dangerous and what objects are useful in case of disaster are not clearly understood, (4) about 70% of families prepare something for natural disasters, (5) not all, but a few pupils are able to connect what they have learned in science class to risk prevention, and (6) topics in science classes enhance children\u27s awareness about what kind of disaster happens locally

Protocol for a multicentre, prospective observational study of elective neck dissection for clinically node-negative oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (END-TC study)

Introduction: In early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), elective neck dissection (END) is recommended when occult lymph node metastasis is suspected; however, there is no unanimous consensus on the risks and benefits of END in such cases. The management of clinically node-negative (cN0) OTSCC remains controversial. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the efficacy of END and its impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with cN0 OTSCC. Methods and analysis: This is a prospective, multicentre, nonrandomised observational study. The choice of whether to perform END at the same time as resection of the primary tumour is based on institutional policy and patient preference. The primary endpoint of this study is 3-year overall survival. The secondary endpoint are 3-year disease-specific survival, 3-year relapse-free survival and the impact on patient QoL. Propensity score-matching analysis will be performed to reduce selection bias. Ethics and dissemination: This study was approved by the Clinical Research Review Board of the Nagasaki University. The protocol of this study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry. The datasets generated during the current study will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The results will be disseminated internationally, through scientific and professional conferences and in peer-reviewed medical journals

Research about connection between physiological feature and habitable area from a point of view against risk of photoinhibition in terrestrial photosynthetic organisms in Antarctica

第6回極域科学シンポジウム[OB] 極域生物圏11月17日（火）　統計数理研究所 セミナー室1（D305

Protocol for a multicentre, prospective observational study of elective neck dissection for clinically node-negative oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (END-TC study)

Introduction In early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), elective neck dissection (END) is recommended when occult lymph node metastasis issuspected; however, there is no unanimous consensus on the risks and benefits of END in such cases. The management of clinically node-negative (cN0) OTSCCremains controversial. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the efficacy of END and its impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with cN0 OTSCC.Methods and analysis This is a prospective, multicentre, nonrandomised observational study. The choice of whether to perform END at the same time as resection of the primary tumour is based on institutional policy and patient preference. The primary endpoint of this study is 3-year overall survival. The secondary endpoints are3-year disease-specific survival, 3-year relapse-free survival and the impact on patient QoL. Propensity score-matching analysis will be performed to reduce selection bias.Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Clinical Research Review Board of the Nagasaki University. The protocol of this study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry. The datasets generated during the current study will be available from the correspondingauthor on reasonable request. The results will be disseminated internationally, through scientific and professional conferences and in peer-reviewed medical journals