Topology Optimization Method Considering Cleaning Procedure and Ease of Manufacturing

This chapter proposes a novel topology optimization method for the material distribution of electrical machines using the genetic algorithm (GA) combined with the cluster of material and the cleaning procedure. Moreover, the obtained rotor structure was assumed to consist of the simple shape of PMs in order to consider ease of manufacturing. The rotor structure of a permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor is designed and manufactured. The optimized rotor has 32% more average torque than that of the experimental motor with the same stator. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified

Failure Diagnosis of Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor with Broken Rotor Bars and End Rings

This chapter investigates the diagnosis of not only broken bar but also broken end ring faults in an induction motor. The difference between the broken bars and broken end ring segments is experimentally clarified by the Fourier analysis of the stator current. This difference is verified by two-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis that takes into consideration the voltage equation and the end ring. The electromagnetic field in the undamaged motor and the motor with broken bars and broken end ring segments is analyzed. The effect of the number of broken bars and broken end ring segments on the motor performance is clarified. Moreover, transient response is analyzed by the wavelet analysis

Effect of Thermal Neutrons on Fusion Power Measurement using the Micro-Fission Chamber in ITER

Abstract A Micro-fission Chamber (MFC) provides time-resolved measurements of global neutron source strength and fusion power in ITER. The MFC is a pencil-sized gas counter containing the fissile material, 235 U. MFCs will be installed behind blanket modules at upper and lower outboard positions due to interface considerations with other equipment and the vacuum vessel. Measurements of the neutron source strength could be affected by cooling water in branch pipes, which will be installed near the MFC. The effect of the branch pipes upon the MFC is assessed by neutron transport calculation using MCNP 5. Results indicate a significant increase in the MFC response rate (up to ~ 40% higher) due to the branch pipe. The increase in the MFC response is caused by the slowing down of the neutrons due to the cooling water in the branch pipes. The effect of the thermal neutrons on the MFC response is especially significant. One possible solution to reduce the effect is to cover the MFC with a material that absorbs thermal neutrons such as cadmium. The ways in which the absorbent material may affect MFC response is analyzed through neutron transport calculation. Results indicate that the increase in the MFC response can be reduced to < 10 % through cadmium coating

Physicochemical and immunological properties of the hepatitis B surface antigen containing the preS2 9 amino acid sequence produced by a recombinant yeast.

The hepatitis B virus surface antigen containing the preS2 nine amino acid sequence produced by a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yHBsAg) was purified and its physicochemical properties were determined. Ultrastructurally, the yHBsAg was found to be a homogeneous spherical particle with a diameter of 24 +/- 4 nm. The homogeneity of the yHBsAg particles was also demonstrated by analyses of their buoyant density and isoelectric point. They consisted of protein (53%), lipid (36%) and carbohydrate (11%), and the alpha-helix content was estimated to be 32%, differing from the reported values for human plasma-derived HBsAg (hHBsAg). Immunodiffusion analysis showed that the antigenic specificity of yHBsAg was identical to that of hHBsAg. Immunization of mice demonstrated that the immunogenicity of the yHBsAg was significantly higher than that of hHBsAg. </p

Mechanical homeostasis of liver sinusoid is involved in the initiation and termination of liver regeneration

Organogenesis and regeneration are fundamental for developmental progress and are associated with morphogenesis, size control and functional properties for whole-body homeostasis. The liver plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis of the entire body through various functions, including metabolic functions, detoxification, and production of bile, via the three-dimensional spatial arrangement of hepatic lobules and has high regenerative capacity. The regeneration occurs as hypertrophy, which strictly controls the size and lobule structure. In this study, we established a three-dimensional sinusoidal network analysis method and determined valuable parameters after partial hepatectomy by comparison to the static phase of the liver. We found that mechanical homeostasis, which is crucial for organ morphogenesis and functions in various phenomena, plays essential roles in liver regeneration for both initiation and termination of liver regeneration, which is regulated by cytokine networks. Mechanical homeostasis plays critical roles in the initiation and termination of organogenesis, tissue repair and organ regeneration in coordination with cytokine networks