Increased Nitric Oxide Production and GFAP Expression in the Brains of Influenza A/NWS Virus Infected Mice

The cause of influenza to the brain was investigated using the A/NWS/33 influenza virus infected BALB/c mouse model. NOS-2 mRNA levels in the infected mouse brain was greater than in control mice in all brain regions examined, particularly in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus by 1 day p.i. On the contrary, no differences in NOS-1 or NOS-3 mRNA levels were found between infected and control mice. There was also a marked increase in the levels of metabolites of nitric oxide in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for anti-NOS-2 primarily in the hippocampus of infected mice. Further, anti-NOS-2 and GFAP staining was mostly found around capillary blood vessels of the hippocampus starting early in the course of the disease. These results indicate that the NWS enhances the activation of astrocytes and NOS-2 expression which in turn enhances NO production and the expansion of capillary blood vessels

Sudden Unexpected Death Associated with Ileocecal Duplication Cyst and Clinical Review

Duplications of the alimentary tract are very rare. A one-month-old female presented with symptoms of anorexia, vomiting and continuous watery diarrhea. The plain abdominal radiograph showed thickened intestinal wall and signs of small bowel obstruction. The fevers, vomiting, and continuous wartery diarrhea persisted despite antibiotics, and worsened. The patient failed to respond to medical managements, 27 hours after admission, the patient died due to multiple organ failures. The autopsy was performed, small bowel obstruction due to an ileocecal duplication cyst (3 × 3 cm) was recognized. The ileocecal duplication cyst was attached to the ileum which was changed edematous and necrotic. This potential diagnosis should be borne in mind for a patient who complains of abdominal symptoms with an unknown cause, and duplication cyst should be recognized as a fatal cause in infant

Observation of free-surface shear flow and its relation to bow wave-breaking on full forms Joint report

SIGLETIB Hannover: RA 489 (420) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Comparative model tests in ice of a Canadian coast guard R-class icebreaker

This paper presents the results of resistance and propulsion tests in level ice of a 1:20 scale model of the Canadian Coast Guard R-class icebreaker at two ice-hull friction coefficients, performed at several ice testing facilities in various countries under the aegis of the Committee on Performance of Ships in Ice-covered Waters of the International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC). There is good agreement overall among the test results obtained at the various facilities. The differences that do remain should be attributed to differences in experimental techniques and types of model ice used at the participating laboratories. An increase in hull roughness led to an increase in ice resistance as expected, but had no effect on the propeller characteristics. While the thrust coefficient in ice was nearly the same as in clear water, the torque coefficient and thrust deduction factor were much greater in level ice than in clear water and nearly constant. Full-scale ship performance predicted from the resistance test results of the rougher model and the propulsion characteristics in clear water was in good agreement overall with available field trial data. Predicted performance using the ice resistance of the rougher model and the model propeller characteristics in ice was usually below that observed at full scale. This would indicate that ice-propeller interaction is excessive during model propulsion tests, or that the effect of ice entrainment on propeller performance is greater at model scale than at full scale. Ice-propeller interaction remains a domain where further research is needed.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye