Large-scale SPH simulations of droplet impact onto a liquid surface up to the consequent formation of Worthington jet

In this study, the whole process of liquid droplet impact onto a liquid surface up to the consequent formation of the central column was simulated using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method (SPH), and compared with an experiment using a high-speed video camera. The surface tension tensor for the particle-based expression was adequately included as the gradient of the surface tension and that enabled the simulation leading to the formations of crater and crown as well as the consequent central column. The simulated time series of the crater depth and diameter and crown height corresponded quantitatively well with the experimental result up to the rebound motion while discrepancies remained as a lower central column height in the simulation, and this seemed to be ascribed to the difficulty in realizing the complex surface structure that inevitably appeared in the fast rebound motion

Gene Expression Profiles of the Cochlea and Vestibular Endorgans: Localization and Function of Genes Causing Deafness

Objectives: We sought to elucidate the gene expression profiles of the causative genes as well as the localization of the encoded proteins involved in hereditary hearing loss. Methods: Relevant articles (as of September 2014) were searched in PubMed databases, and the gene symbols of the genes reported to be associated with deafness were located on the Hereditary Hearing Loss Honnepage using localization, expression, and distribution as keywords. Results: Our review of the literature allowed us to systematize the gene expression profiles for genetic deafness in the inner ear, clarifying the unique functions and specific expression patterns of these genes in the cochlea and vestibular endorgans. Conclusions: The coordinated actions of various encoded molecules are essential for the normal development and maintenance of auditory and vestibular function.ArticleANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY. 124:6S-48S (2015)journal articl

Regulation of the MDM2-P53 pathway and tumor growth by PICT1 via nucleolar RPL11

PICT1 (also known as GLTSCR2) is considered a tumor suppressor because it stabilizes phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), but individuals with oligodendrogliomas lacking chromosome 19q13, where PICT1 is located, have better prognoses than other oligodendroglioma patients. To clarify the function of PICT1, we generated Pict1-deficient mice and embryonic stem (ES) cells. Pict1 is a nucleolar protein essential for embryogenesis and ES cell survival. Even without DNA damage, Pict1 loss led to p53-dependent arrest of cell cycle phase G1 and apoptosis. Pict1-deficient cells accumulated p53, owing to impaired Mdm2 function. Pict1 binds Rpl11, and Rpl11 is released from nucleoli in the absence of Pict1. In Pict1-deficient cells, increased binding of Rpl11 to Mdm2 blocks Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination of p53. In human cancer, individuals whose tumors express less PICT1 have better prognoses. When PICT1 is depleted in tumor cells with intact P53 signaling, the cells grow more slowly and accumulate P53. Thus, PICT1 is a potent regulator of the MDM2-P53 pathway and promotes tumor progression by retaining RPL11 in the nucleolu

レッコウ ゲンセイ モウマク ハクリ ニ タイスル ジュツシキ センタク

目的:獨協医科大学越谷病院眼科の裂孔原性網膜剥離に対する手術成績を報告する.対象:平成17年1月から12月までの1年間に当科で初回手術を施行した裂孔原性網膜剥離101例102眼.結果:強膜内陥術施行群(50眼)では,初回で40眼(80%)が復位し,最終的には全例で復位した.硝子体手術施行群(47眼)では,初回で44眼(93.6%)が復位し,最終的には全例で復位した.気体網膜復位術施行群(5 眼)では初回で全例が復位した.全体では初回復位例は102眼中89眼(87.2%)であり,最終的には102眼全例が復位した.結論:術前・術中の裂孔部位の詳細な観察と把握は,より適切な術式選択を可能とし,初回復位率の向上につながる.PURPOSE:We studied surgical results of rhegmatogenousretinal detachment in our institution. PATIENTS:Weperformed surgery on 102 eyes from 101 patients. RESULTS:The primary retinal reattachment rate was 80.0% in the scleral buckling,and 93.6 % in the vitrectomy,and100 % in the peumatic retinopexy. The final retinal reattachmentrate with further surgery was 100 % in the scleralbuckling,and 100 % in the vitrectomy. The reattachmentrate primary in all was 87.2 %. The final retinal reattachmentrate with further surgery was 100 %. CONCLUSION:An adequate observation of retinal lesion causingthe break during preoperation and postoperattion can helpin selection of the surgical procedure appropriate to treatretinal detachment to produce better surgical results

ミ チリョウ ゾウショク トウニョウビョウ モウマクショウ ニ タイスル ガラス タイ シュジュツ ノ チョウキ セイセキ : ガンカ チリョウ レイ トノ ヒカク

未治療増殖糖尿病網膜症に対する硝子体手術施行例の長期手術成績について検討した.対象は眼科未治療群19例24眼(初診時PC 未施行)で初回硝子体手術を施行し,術後3年以上経過観察できた症例とし,同期間内に初回硝子体手術を施行した眼科治療群(PC施行)30例31眼(control群)と比較検討した.内科未治療は眼科未治療群で52.6 %,control群では0%であった.初回手術時の病態では眼科未治療群で牽引性網膜剥離群(50.0%),control群で硝子体出血群(51.6%)が各群で最も多かった.術後合併症,再手術の原因は両群とも硝子体出血が最も多く認められた.術後最終視力は眼科未治療群で2段階以上の悪化例,0.1未満の視力不良例がcontrol群に比べて多く認められた.眼科未治療群はcontrol群に比べて視力予後不良のことが多いため,内科と眼科の連携を高め,早期のPCが必要であると考えられた.We evaluated long-term results of vitrectomy for untreatedproliferative diabetic retinopathy.We objected for 24 eyes of 19 patients who were untreatedgroup without PC and were underwent first-time vitrectomy,we compared with 30 eyes of 31 patients( controlledgroup)who were treated group(with PC)and were underwentfirst-time vitrectomy.54.2 % of the treated group and 0 % of the controlledgroup were treated by physician. In the status of first-timevitrectomy, traction retinal detachment group (50.0 %) inthe untreated group and vitreous hemorrhage group (51.6%) in the controlled group were the most of each group.Complications after vitrectomy and cause of reoperationshowed the most vitreous hemorrhage. In final visual acuityafter vitrectomy, it showed that untreated group was muchmore deteriorated 2 or more lines and showed 0.1 or lessthan controlled group.Untreated group was poor visual prognosis comparedwith controlled group. So we need to keep in contact withphysician and undergo PC as soon as possible

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target