21セイキ ノ カンドウミャク インターベンション

Coronary intervention has come to achieve good results with the use of new devices, such as Rotablator (ROTA), new directional coronary atherectomy (DCA), and a special guide wire, even for lesions in which good results were not obtained with plain old balloon angioplasty. In the present study, we evaluated the initial results in patients who underwent ROTA procedures, coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion (CTO), and new DCA procedures in our hospital between January and December 2001. (1) There were 99 patients who underwent ROTA, with an average age of 68±12 years, a lesion length of 15.9±9.9 mm, a reference vessel diameter of 2.7±0.6 mm, and a success rate of 98%. Among these 99 patients, there were 82 patients (83%) with B2 or C type lesion, which is difficult to treat. (2) There were 61 patients with CTO who underwent coronary intervention, with an average age of 63±9 years, an occlusion length of 22.8±13.3 mm, a reference vessel diameter of 2.6±0.7 mm, and a success rate of 82%. (3) There were 5 patients who underwent DCA for ostial lesion of left anterior desending artery and the target lesion was successfully dilated in all these patients. These results indicated that new devices for coronary intervention have made it possible to treat a wider range of lesions, but restenosis still remains to be solved. In Europe and the U.S.A., restenosis is reported to have been drastically reduced by drug eluting stents, which are expected to be introduced in Japan in the future

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

Physicochemical and Mochi-making Properties of the Native Red and Black-Kerneled Glutinous Rice Cultivars

The physicochemical and mochi-making properties of native red and black-kerneled glutinous rice (RKGR) and white-kerneled glutinous rice (WKGR) of japonica and indica varieties, were examined. In both the japonica and indica varieties, RKGR cultivars contained more protein than WKGR cultivars, the difference being 2.1% and 1.9%, respectively. In both varieties, no significant difference in amylose contents of RKGR and WKGR was observed. The amylographic characteristics of RKGR varied considerably with the variety. In the japonica variety, RKGR cultivars tended to have higher mean maximum viscosity and breakdown values than WKGR cultivars, although the difference was not significant. By contrast, in the indica variety, the mean maximum viscosity and breakdown values of RKGR cultivars were significantly (p<0.05, t-test) lower than those of WKGR cultivars. In both varieties, the difference in gelatinization temperature between RKGR cultivars and WKGR cultivars was not significant. Cooked RKGR cultivars had a higher hardness and a higher hardness/adhesion ratio than WKGR cultivars, although a significant difference between the adhesion of RKGR cultivars. The hardening speed of mochi made from RKGR cultivars tended to be lower than that of mochi made from WKGR cultivars. The hardening speed of mochi showed a significant positive correlation with the atmospheric temperature during the ripening period. The palatability of mochi of RKGR cultivars in both varieties tended to be inferior to that of WKGR cultivars. The particularity of physicochemical and mochi-making properties of RKGR cultivars is considered to be excellent as the processing material and to develop new processed-rice product

Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of the Grains between Old- and New-Types of Rice Cultivars in Japan

The physicochemical properties of the grains of 16 old- and 21 new-type rice cultivars in Japan were investigated in 1995 and 1996. Among the old- and new-type cultivars, we found a similar pattern of varietal differences in physicochemical properties in both years, and in both the fields with and without nitrogen fertilizer applied. Between the two types, no significant differences in the mean protein and amylose contents in the rice grain were observed. The old-type rice cultivars tended to be lower in mean maximum viscosity and breakdown values than the new- type cultivars, although the difference was not significant. Cooked rice of the old-type cultivars tended to be higher in mean hardness/adhesion ratio (H/-H) and hardness/adhesiveness ratio (H/A3) than that of the new -type cultivars. The physicochemical properties which showed superior values in the standard partial regression coefficients against the taste of cooked rice were the protein content, breakdown value and H/-H. These, physico-chemical properties can be efficient indicators for evaluating the taste of cooked rice. The coefficient of parentage of each cultivar to cultivar Koshihikari showed tight negative correlations with amylose content, H/-H and H/A3, and tight positive correlations with maximum viscosity and breakdown values. The coefficients showed a loose positive correlation with protein content. However, Sasanishiki, Domannaka, Chiyonishiki, Nakate shinsenbon and Rikuu 132 were superior in their physicochemical indicators, in spite of their small coefficients of parentage to Koshihikari. This suggests that a highly palatable cultivar that is widely different from Koshihikari can be developed by utilizing genetic resources with superior physicochemical indicators

An Efficient Method for Evaluating the Palatability Deterioration During Storage in Rice

This study was conducted to establish an efficient selection method for breeding highly palatable rice cultivars with less deterioration in palatability during storage. The palatability of the rice stored at room temperature for one yr (old rice) negatively and significantly correlated with the content of free fatty acids in the polished rice and the hardness/adhesion ratio (H/-H ratio) of the cooked rice. Thus, we examined the correlation coefficients of the content of free fatty acids and the H/-H ratio for the old rice and rice stored in a stability-testing chamber (STC) kept at 40°C and relative humidity of 95% for various periods (10, 20, 30 and 60 d). The highest correlation coefficient was observed between the values in the old rice and those in the rice stored in the STC for 30 d. The palatability of the old rice did not correlate with the content of free fatty acids after a 30-d stored in the STC, but negatively and significantly correlated with the H/-H ratio after a 30 d stored in the STC. These results show that we can efficiently evaluate the palatability deterioration during storage in rice by measuring the H/-H ratio of the cooked rice after the stored in the STC for 30 d. The content of the free fatty acids is an effective indicator of palatability deterioration in the old rice, but that in the rice stored in the STC for 30 d is not