HYDRAULIC MODEL EXPERIMENT ON THE DIFFUSION DUE TO THE TIDAL CURRENT

The diffusion phenomena due to the tidal current in a shallow broad estuary are here studied in a hydraulic model experiment for which Ariake Bay in the Omuta area of Kyushu, was used as the prototype. Only the tidal current is taken into account, the effect of the other factors, the ocean current, density stratification, the wind, waves and so on, which may influence the diffusion in the estuary, is not considered. A model of the northern half of Ariake Bay, with a horizontal and vertical scale of 1/2000 and 1/200 respectively, was constructed, and a semidiurnal tide generated by an automatically controlled pneumatic tide generator was provided for it. The water level at 5 stations, the current ellipses at 4 stations and the flow pattern were measured and compared with those in the prototype. The diffusion from an instantaneous point source was investigated mainly by the photographic method. Experiments have shown that the tide and the tidal current are accurately reproduced in the model. However, the diffusion coefficient evaluated through the rate of increase of the dye patch is about 1/3 of that in the prototype. This may be due to the difference between the flow in the model and that in the prototype, the former belonging to the perfect turbulent regime and the latter to the transient regime

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

チョウセキコンゴウニカンスルケンキュウ

京都大学0048新制・課程博士理学博士甲第1448号理博第323号新制||理||190(附属図書館)3929UT51-49-B11京都大学大学院理学研究科地球物理学専攻(主査)教授 国司 秀明, 教授 中島 暢太郎, 教授 奥田 節夫学位規則第5条第1項該当Kyoto UniversityDA

Studies on current structure and fish ecology in the East China sea

航海番号: KH-02-1 Leg 1 ; 航海日程: May 7 - May 22, 200

Studies on primary production and material cycle in the Kuroshio area

航海番号: KH-04-1 ; 航海日程: March 4 - March 22, 200

(GLOBEC) Study on the mechanism of recruitment variations of small pelagic fish populations

航海番号: KH-97-1 ; 航海日程: May 16 - June 18, 199