歯の形態形成に関与する新規遺伝子の解明

Tooth development is controlled by body plan during the fetal period, the generation of teeth from tooth germ is induced by the epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. Spatiotemporal regulation of tooth morphogenesis is supported by gene expression. Although many of the genes involved in tooth development are known, the molecular mechanism underlying tooth morphogenesis is not completely understood. For a comprehensive understanding of tooth development, the elucidation of unknown genes is necessary. In this study, to identify unknown genes involved in tooth development, we performed genome-wide analysis at each stage of tooth development and identified 17 genes with high levels of expression and large changes in expression. In addition, we performed qPCR and in situ hybridization analyses to elucidate the spatiotemporal regulation, such as the regulation that occurs around or in the entire tooth germ, enamel knots, epithelium, and mesenchyme. These results show that these characteristic genes may play important roles in each time period or region of tooth development, and the elucidation of the functions of these genes will lead to an integrated understanding of the process of tooth development.博士（医学）・甲第790号・令和3年3月15日発行元である日本再生歯科医学会の許諾を得て登録（2021年6月29日付）ジャーナル公式サイト（日本再生歯科医学会HP内）：http://www.jarde.jp/zasshi/e/18-2-1.htm

RETRACTED: The Chromatin-Remodeling Complex WINAC Targets a Nuclear Receptor to Promoters and Is Impaired in Williams Syndrome

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).This article has been retracted at the request of the Authors.Our paper reported that a chromatin-remodeling complex, WINAC, recruited the unliganded vitamin D receptor to promoters in cooperation with the transcription factor implicated in Williams syndrome, WSTF. The findings provided insights into the coordination between chromatin remodelers and sequence-specific transcription factors and pointed to a role of chromatin remodeling defects in Williams syndrome. We recently identified errors affecting several figure panels where original data were processed inappropriately such that the figure panels do not accurately report the original data. We believe that the most responsible course of action is to retract the paper. We sincerely apologize to the scientific community for any inconvenience that this might cause. The first author, H.K., declined to sign the retraction notice

Magnetized Fast Isochoric Laser Heating for Efficient Creation of Ultra-High-Energy-Density States

The quest for the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) ignition is a grand challenge, as exemplified by extraordinary large laser facilities. Fast isochoric heating of a pre-compressed plasma core with a high-intensity short-pulse laser is an attractive and alternative approach to create ultra-high-energy-density states like those found in ICF ignition sparks. This avoids the ignition quench caused by the hot spark mixing with the surrounding cold fuel, which is the crucial problem of the currently pursued ignition scheme. High-intensity lasers efficiently produce relativistic electron beams (REB). A part of the REB kinetic energy is deposited in the core, and then the heated region becomes the hot spark to trigger the ignition. However, only a small portion of the REB collides with the core because of its large divergence. Here we have demonstrated enhanced laser-to-core energy coupling with the magnetized fast isochoric heating. The method employs a kilo-tesla-level magnetic field that is applied to the transport region from the REB generation point to the core which results in guiding the REB along the magnetic field lines to the core. 7.7 $\pm$ 1.3 % of the maximum coupling was achieved even with a relatively small radial area density core ($\rho R$ $\sim$ 0.1 g/cm$^2$). The guided REB transport was clearly visualized in a pre-compressed core by using Cu-$K_\alpha$ imaging technique. A simplified model coupled with the comprehensive diagnostics yields 6.2\% of the coupling that agrees fairly with the measured coupling. This model also reveals that an ignition-scale areal density core ($\rho R$ $\sim$ 0.4 g/cm$^2$) leads to much higher laser-to-core coupling ($>$ 15%), this is much higher than that achieved by the current scheme

Thickness and surface structure of a ceramic layer created on three indirect resin composites with aerosol deposition.

PURPOSE: Aerosol deposition is a technology for coating ceramics with impact consolidation at room temperature. The aim of the present study was to investigate the thickness and the microstructure of the aluminium oxide layer on different three dental resin composite materials created by means of aerosol deposition. METHODS: Disk-shaped specimens were fabricated with three resin composites (Estenia C&B, Targis, and Gradia). The specimens were ground flat, and then subjected to aerosol deposition using aluminium oxide submicron particles without inducing a localized temperature rise. The average thickness (AVH) and maximum thickness (Hmax) of the aluminium oxide layer deposited on the resin composite material were measured using a profilometer. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc Tukey compromise test at alpha=0.05. The specimen surfaces were also observed using a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: The aluminium oxide layer formed on Estenia C&B (AVH 8.1mum, Hmax 9.1mum) and Targis (AVH 7.7mum, Hmax 8.9mum) were significantly thicker than that on Gradia (AVH 4.2mum, Hmax 5.4mum). The micrograph showed that the aluminium oxide layer on Estenia C&B was similar to that on Targis. However, the aerosol deposition area of Gradia was seen relatively rough and partly caved. CONCLUSIONS: The type of resin composite affected the microstructure of the deposited aluminium oxide layer. The highly filled light- and heat-cured resin composites are advantageous as a target material rather than the lower filled light-cured resin composite