Obstetrical Complications in Women with Endometriosis: A Cohort Study in Japan

<div><p>Background</p><p>Endometriosis, which occurs in approximately 10% of women of reproductive age, is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Women with endometriosis are more likely to have difficulty conceiving and tend to receive infertility treatment, including assisted reproductive technology (ART) therapy. There has not yet been a prospective cohort study examining the effects of endometriosis on pregnancy outcome in pregnant Japanese women.</p><p>Methodology</p><p>This was a prospective cohort study of the incidence of obstetrical complications in women with endometriosis using data of the Japan Environment & Children’s Study (JECS). Included in this study were 9,186 pregnant women in the JECS with or without a history of endometriosis who gave birth or stillbirth or whose pregnancy was terminated with abortion between February and December 2011.</p><p>Main Outcome Measures</p><p>The effects of endometriosis on pregnancy outcome.</p><p>Results</p><p>Of the 9,186 pregnant women in the JECS, 4,119 (44.8%) had obstetrical complications; 330 participants reported a diagnosis of endometriosis before pregnancy, and these women were at higher risk for complications of pregnancy than those without a history of endometriosis (odds ratio (OR) = 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20 to 1.87). Logistic regression analyses showed that the adjusted OR for obstetrical complications of pregnant women who conceived naturally and had a history of endometriosis was 1.45 (CI 1.11 to 1.90). Among pregnant women with endometriosis, the ORs of preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) and placenta previa were significantly higher compared with women never diagnosed with endometriosis who conceived naturally or conceived after infertility treatment, except for ART therapy (OR 2.14, CI 1.03–4.45 and OR 3.37, CI 1.32–8.65).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This study showed that endometriosis significantly increased the incidence of preterm PROM and placenta previa after adjusting for confounding of the data by ART therapy.</p></div

Types of Obstetrical Complications and Neonatal Outcomes.

<p>Types of Obstetrical Complications and Neonatal Outcomes.</p

Clinical Characteristics of Women with and without Endometriosis.

<p>Clinical Characteristics of Women with and without Endometriosis.</p

Relative Risk of Obstetrical Complications and Neonatal Outcomes.

<p>Relative Risk of Obstetrical Complications and Neonatal Outcomes.</p

Selective Reduction of Nitrate by a Local Cell Catalyst Composed of Metal-Doped Covalent Triazine Frameworks

So-called local cells resulting from the coupling of oxidation and reduction reactions on the same conductive substrate represent a well-known cause of metallic corrosion. In the present study, we attempted to demonstrate that catalytic systems based on the principle of local cell reactions can be successfully fabricated using metal-doped covalent triazine frameworks as catalytic units. A conductive substrate carrying platinum- and copper-doped covalent triazine frameworks as catalysts for the oxidation and reduction processes, respectively, was developed to fabricate a local cell catalytic unit for the concurrent reduction of nitrate to nitrous oxide and oxidation of hydrogen

Nona-Coordinated Chiral Eu(III) Complexes with Stereoselective Ligand–Ligand Noncovalent Interactions for Enhanced Circularly Polarized Luminescence

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of chiral Eu­(III) complexes with nona- and octa-coordinated structures, [Eu­(<i>R</i>/<i>S</i>-iPr-Pybox)­(<i>D</i>-facam)₃] (<b>1-</b><i><b>R</b></i>/<b>1-</b><i><b>S</b></i>; <i>R</i>/<i>S</i>-iPr-Pybox, 2,6-bis­(4<i>R</i>/4<i>S</i>-isopropyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)­pyridine; <i>D</i>-facam, 3-trifluoroacetyl-<i>d</i>-camphor), [Eu­(<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>-Me-Ph-Pybox)­(<i>D</i>-facam)₃] (<b>2-</b><i><b>SS</b></i>; <i>S</i>,<i>S</i>-Me-Ph-Pybox, 2,6-bis­(4<i>S</i>-methyl-5<i>S</i>-phenyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)­pyridine), and [Eu­(Phen)­(<i>D</i>-facam)₃] (<b>3</b>; Phen, 1,10-phenanthroline) are reported, and their structural features are discussed on the basis of X-ray crystallographic analyses. These chiral Eu­(III) complexes showed relatively intense photoluminescence due to their ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₁ (magnetic-dipole) and ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ (electric-dipole) transition. The dissymmetry factors of CPL (<i>g</i>_CPL) at the former band of <b>1-</b><i><b>R</b></i> and <b>1-</b><i><b>S</b></i> were as large as −1.0 and −0.8, respectively, while the <i>g</i>_CPL of <b>3</b> at the ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₁ transition was relatively small (<i>g</i>_CPL = −0.46). X-ray crystallographic data indicated specific ligand–ligand hydrogen bonding in these compounds which was expected to stabilize their chiral structures even in solution phase. CPL properties of <b>1-</b><i><b>R</b></i> and <b>1-</b><i><b>S</b></i> were discussed in terms of transition nature of lanthanide luminescence

Structural and Solar Cell Properties of a Ag-Containing Cu₂ZnSnS₄ Thin Film Derived from Spray Pyrolysis

A silver (Ag)-incorporated kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) thin film was fabricated by a facile spray pyrolysis method. Crystallographic analyses indicated successful incorporation of various amounts of Ag up to a Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratio of ca. 0.1 into the crystal lattice of CZTS in a homogeneous manner without formation of other impurity compounds. From the results of morphological investigations, Ag-incorporated films had larger crystal grains than the CZTS film. The sample with a relatively low Ag content (Ag/(Ag + Cu) of ca. 0.02) had a compact morphology without appreciable voids and pinholes. However, an increase in the Ag content in the CZTS film (Ag/(Ag + Cu) ca. 0.10) induced the formation of a large number of pinholes. As can be expected from these morphological properties, the best sunlight conversion efficiency was obtained by the solar cell based on the film with Ag/(Ag + Cu) of ca. 0.02. Electrostructural analyses of the devices suggested that the Ag-incorporated film in the device achieved reduction in the amounts of unfavorable copper on zinc antisite defects compared to the bare CZTS film. Moreover, the use of a Ag-incorporated film improved band alignment at the CdS­(buffer)–CZTS interface. These alterations should also contribute to enhancement of device properties

Effect of Indium Doping on Surface Optoelectrical Properties of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ Photoabsorber and Interfacial/Photovoltaic Performance of Cadmium Free In₂S₃/Cu₂ZnSnS₄ Heterojunction Thin Film Solar Cell

Maximum conversion efficiency of 6.9% was obtained over an electrodeposited Cu₂ZnSnS₄-based thin film solar cell with a Cd-free In₂S₃ buffer layer by applying a rapid post-heat treatment to the In₂S₃/Cu₂ZnSnS₄ stacked layer. It was found that post-heating of the In₂S₃/Cu₂ZnSnS₄ stack promoted an increment of the acceptor density of the Cu₂ZnSnS₄ layer close to the In₂S₃–Cu₂ZnSnS₄ heterointerface of the In₂S₃/Cu₂ZnSnS₄ stack. Moreover, the diffusion of In also resulted in a red-shift of the band gap energy of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ from 1.47 to 1.40 eV. Due to extension of external quantum efficiency response of the solar cell to the long wavelength region, the solar cell based on the post-heated In₂S₃/Cu₂ZnSnS₄ stack reached appreciably large short circuit current density of more than 20 mA cm^–2. The energy difference between the conduction band minimum of In₂S₃ and that of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ at the In₂S₃/Cu₂ZnSnS₄ heterointerface was determined to be a slightly positive value of 0.11 eV, indicating formation of a “notch-type” conduction band offset for efficient suppression of the interface recombination

Nona-Coordinated Chiral Eu(III) Complexes with Stereoselective Ligand–Ligand Noncovalent Interactions for Enhanced Circularly Polarized Luminescence

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of chiral Eu­(III) complexes with nona- and octa-coordinated structures, [Eu­(<i>R</i>/<i>S</i>-iPr-Pybox)­(<i>D</i>-facam)₃] (<b>1-</b><i><b>R</b></i>/<b>1-</b><i><b>S</b></i>; <i>R</i>/<i>S</i>-iPr-Pybox, 2,6-bis­(4<i>R</i>/4<i>S</i>-isopropyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)­pyridine; <i>D</i>-facam, 3-trifluoroacetyl-<i>d</i>-camphor), [Eu­(<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>-Me-Ph-Pybox)­(<i>D</i>-facam)₃] (<b>2-</b><i><b>SS</b></i>; <i>S</i>,<i>S</i>-Me-Ph-Pybox, 2,6-bis­(4<i>S</i>-methyl-5<i>S</i>-phenyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)­pyridine), and [Eu­(Phen)­(<i>D</i>-facam)₃] (<b>3</b>; Phen, 1,10-phenanthroline) are reported, and their structural features are discussed on the basis of X-ray crystallographic analyses. These chiral Eu­(III) complexes showed relatively intense photoluminescence due to their ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₁ (magnetic-dipole) and ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ (electric-dipole) transition. The dissymmetry factors of CPL (<i>g</i>_CPL) at the former band of <b>1-</b><i><b>R</b></i> and <b>1-</b><i><b>S</b></i> were as large as −1.0 and −0.8, respectively, while the <i>g</i>_CPL of <b>3</b> at the ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₁ transition was relatively small (<i>g</i>_CPL = −0.46). X-ray crystallographic data indicated specific ligand–ligand hydrogen bonding in these compounds which was expected to stabilize their chiral structures even in solution phase. CPL properties of <b>1-</b><i><b>R</b></i> and <b>1-</b><i><b>S</b></i> were discussed in terms of transition nature of lanthanide luminescence

Association between the KTBC total score and percentage BMI decrease.

Association between the KTBC total score and percentage BMI decrease.</p