Технологические решения для строительства разведочной вертикальной скважины глубиной 2950 метров на нефтяном месторождении (Томская область)

Объектом исследования является разведочная вертикальная скважина глубиной 2950 метров на нефтегазовом месторождении. Целью работы является – спроектировать технологические решения для бурения вертикальной разведочной скважины глубиной 2950 м.The object of the study is a vertical exploration well with a depth of 2950 meters in an oil and gas field. The aim of the work is to design technological solutions for drilling a vertical exploration well with a depth of 2950 m

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

Effects of side cavities and tongue stabilization: possible extensions of quantal theory

International audienceThis article provides experimental evidence for two hypotheses, "the interdental-space effect" and the "stabilization effect", that may help to understand quantal acoustic properties of certain vowels. The interdental-space effect has its basis on the hypothesis [Stevens, K. N., & Perkell, J. S. (1977). Speech physiology and phonetic features. In M. S. Sawashima, & F. Cooper (Eds.), Dynamic aspect of speech production (pp. 323-341). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press] that the gap between the upper and lower dental arches is involved in abrupt changes of oral cavity volume between low and high vowels. Our magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data indicate that this side cavity of the vocal tract is fused with the oral cavity in low vowels such as [a] but forms a bilateral side-branch in non-low vowels such as [i] and [e]. This abrupt change in the cavity's affiliation to the vocal tract contributes a discontinuity in otherwise smooth formant transitions. The stabilization effect [Fujimura, O., & Kakita, Y. (1979). Remarks on quantitative description of the lingual articulation. In B. Lindblom, & S. O¨hman (Eds.), Frontiers of Speech Communication Research (pp. 17-24). London: Academic Press] is the hypothesis that co-contraction among bundles of the genioglossus muscle stabilizes the formant pattern for [i], which was supported by analysis of electromyographic data. Our MRI-based measurement of tongue muscle geometry suggests an additional cause of vowel stabilization for [a]: posterior bulging of the tongue base for this vowel by the hyoglossus and styloglossus is mechanically limited by the parapharyngeal tissue that surrounds the extra-lingual styloglossus

Visualization of hypopharyngeal cavities and vocal tract acoustic modeling

International audienceThe hypopharyngeal cavities consist of the laryngeal cavity and bilateral piriform fossa, constituting the bottom part of the vocal tract near the larynx. Visualisation of these cavities with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques reveals that during speech, the laryngeal cavity takes the form of a long-neck flask and the piriform fossa takes the form of a goblet of varying shapes: the former diminishes greatly in whispering and the latter disappears during deep inhalation. These cavities have been shown to exert significant acoustic effects at higher frequency spectra. In this study, acoustic experiments were conducted for male and female mechanical vocal tracts with the results that acoustic effects of those cavities determine the frequency spectra above 2 kHz, giving rise to peaks and zeros. An acoustic model of vowel production was proposed with three components: voice source, hypopharyngeal cavities and vocal tract proper, which provides effective means in controlling voice quality and expressing individual vocal characteristics