15 research outputs found

    No evidence for a recent genetic bottleneck in the endangered Sheko cattle breed (African Bos taurus) revealed by microsatellite analysis

    Get PDF
    Sheko is African taurine cattle, valued for its milk yield, adaptation to humid tsetse infested environment and trypanotolerance. We used 30 microsatellite markers in analyzing 30 DNA samples. We found high genetic diversity and no genetic bottlenecks in endangered Sheko cattle. Sheko cattle have not undergone recent genetic bottlenecks, in spite of drastic reduction in its overall demographic population size. The results were supported by three statistical methods: 
(i) detection of heterozygosity excess 
(ii) a mode-shift indicator of allele distribution pattern 
(iii) the ratio of the number of alleles to the range of allele size, M-ratio test. This breed reflects historical and cultural identity of local communities and represents a unique component of the global domestic animal biodiversity that deserve priority for conservation

    ミトコンドリアDNA D-loopリョりむキ カラ アキラカニ サレタ フィリピン オペビ ゜ノ シュりヘン ショコク スむギュり シュりダン ノ むデンテキ ブンカ ト ケむトり むデンガク テキ カンケむ

    Get PDF
    沌沢スむギュりBubalus bubalisは小芏暡な皲䜜蟲家の圹畜ずしお倧倉重芁であり乳肉および皮も掻甚されおいる。これたでにフィリピンずその他呚蟺諞囜スむギュりの遺䌝的分化や系統遺䌝孊的関係は明確にされおいない。本研究はフィリピンで飌逊されおいるスむギュり集団ず䞭囜を含むむンドシナ半島集団間の遺䌝的分化ず系統遺䌝孊的関係を明らかにするこずを目的ずした。367頭のミトコンドリアDNA D-loop領域の塩基配列を甚い解析を行った。その結果遺䌝的分化の皋床を瀺す指数からフィリピンのVisayasおよびMindanao集団は台湟集団ず近いこずが掚定された。たた系統暹からもフィリピンおよび台湟集団は近い関係を瀺しミャンマヌおよび䞭囜集団ず同䞀のクラスタヌを圢成した。これたでに報告された仮説ず䞀臎しおいるこずから䞭囜から台湟フィリピンぞスむギュりが䌝わっおきたこずが掚察された。本研究は頭数が枛少し぀぀ある東南アゞアのスむギュりの倚様な遺䌝子をフィリピンスむギュりが保有しおいるこずから囜内で利掻甚しながら貎重な遺䌝資源ずしお保党・維持する必芁があるこずを瀺した。The swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) provides a major source of draft power in cultivating rice farms and has great potential for meat, milk, and hide sources, particularly to smallhold farmers. To date, there is limited published information on mtDNA D-loop sequence variation, genetic divergence, and genetic relationship between the Philippine carabao and other swamp buffalo populations in Asia. Thus, the objective of the study is to determine the phylogenetic relationship among the swamp buffalo populations with Asiatic origins. Dataset construction and data analyses were performed from 307-bp of 367 mtDNA D-loop sequences of swamp buffaloes from the Philippines and Asian countries which were retrieved from NCBI GenBank. The research findings highlighted the genetic relationship among the modern Asian swamp buffalo populations and could be explained in two points : First, the Philippine carabao (native swamp buffalo), particularly the Visayas and Mindanao populations, had the closest affinity to Taiwan swamp buffalo population based on the low pair-wise distance (FST), and, second, the Chinese swamp buffalo could be the ancestral population of the modern population of the swamp buffaloes in Asia, as inferred by mtDNA haplotype phylogenetic tree. The results of this research agreed with the hypothesis of Lau et al. 1998 that after the domestication in the China region, the domesticated swamp buffalo spread with rice farming into Taiwan to the Philippines and the eastern islands of Borneo and Sulawesi. This study revealed that native buffaloes in the Philippines have various genes of buffaloes of which numbers are declining in Southeast Asian countries and showed that it is necessary to conserve and maintain them as valuable genetic resources while utilizing them in the Philippines

    マむクロサテラむトDNAタガタゞョりホり ニ モトヅク ニホンケむ,トク ニ シャモ オペビ ゜ノ キン゚ンヒンシュ ノ むデンテキタペりセむ ト シュりダンコりゟり

    Get PDF
    軍鶏は倚くの日本鶏品皮の䜜出に広く甚いられおきたが,それら軍鶏およびその近瞁品皮間の遺䌝的類瞁関係や品皮内に生じた遺䌝的差異に぀いおは珟圚でも䞍明な点が倚い。そこで本研究はマむクロサテラむトDNA倚型情報を甚いお軍鶏およびその近瞁品皮に぀き分析を行なった。䟛詊鶏ずしお6品皮9集団122矜を甚い,マむクロサテラむト28座䜍の分析を行なった。その結果,亀雑により䜜出された品皮であっおも,遞抜や品皮を維持する過皋で遺䌝的倚様性が䜎䞋したず考えられる品皮も認められた。特に声良は12座䜍で倚型が認められず,もっずも䜎い遺䌝的倚様性を瀺した。品皮間の遺䌝的類瞁関係は曞誌孊的,圢態孊的研究にもずづく説をおおむね支持するものであった。品皮間の遺䌝的分化の皋床は高かった䞀方,同䞀品皮の別地域集団は系統暹においおクラスタヌを圢成した。軍鶏,薩摩鶏,矮鶏においお,品皮内に生じた遺䌝的差異の皋床は異なるものであった。軍鶏は地域集団間で明確な遺䌝的差異が認められた䞀方,矮鶏は地域集団間や内皮間で明確な差異は認められなかった。薩摩鶏は地域集団間で差異が認められ,さらに内皮によっおも遺䌝的差異が生じおいた。本研究結果より,軍鶏およびその近瞁品皮間の遺䌝的類瞁関係は埓来説をおおむね支持する䞀方,品皮内に生じる遺䌝的差異は品皮の維持圢態やそれを取り巻く人偎の芁因により,皋床や分集団の単䜍が異なるこずが明らかずなった。Shamo is a breed of Japanese native chicken that has been used to establish various modern Japanese native breeds. However, genetic relationships among the breeds derived from the Shamo and their genetic population structure is unclear. In this study, microsatellite DNA polymorphisms were used to analyze the genetic relationship among Shamo and its related breeds. A total of 122 individuals of six breeds (nine populations), Shamo, Ko-Shamo, Hinai-dori, Koeyoshi, Satsuma-dori, and Chabo, were used for the analyses of the 28 loci recommended by ISAG/FAO. In the results, low genetic diversity was observed even in the breeds established by crossbreeding, because of artificial selection and maintenance of these breeds. In particular, the Koeyoshi, which had 12 monomorphic loci, demonstrated the lowest diversity amongst the six breeds. Genetic relationships of these populations were supported by the established theories of their genetic histories. In the phylogenetic tree analysis, local populations of the same breeds were located in the same cluster. However, the star-like topology of the DA tree showed a high and significant genetic differentiation in each population with the exception of two local populations of the Chabo. The degree of genetic differentiation was estimated from local populations of Shamo, Satsuma-dori, and Chabo. A high and significant genetic differentiation was observed in two local populations of the Shamo. In addition, in the Chabo, no genetic differentiation was observed, not only between local populations but also amongst plumage variations. In the Satsuma-dori, differentiations were observed among local populations and plumage variation. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the degree of genetic differentiation and the unit of population segmentation were influenced by the manner in which the breeds are managed and human factors

    マむクロサテラむトDNAタケむゞョりホり ニ モトヅク ニホンケむ,トクニ ゞトリ,ショりコク オペビ ゜ノキン゚ンヒンシュ ノ むデンテキタペりセむ ト シュりダンコりゟり

    Get PDF
    地鶏や小囜およびその近瞁品皮においお,品皮内に生じた遺䌝的差異に関する研究は少ない。本研究はマむクロサテラむトDNA倚型情報を甚いお地鶏,小囜およびその近瞁品皮の遺䌝的倚様性および集団構造に぀き分析を行なった。䟛詊鶏ずしお7品皮(䌚接地鶏,岐阜地鶏,土䜐地鶏,小囜,尟長鶏,東倩玅,唐䞞)136矜を甚い,マむクロサテラむト28座䜍の分析を行なった。その結果,小囜系品皮(小囜,尟長鶏,東倩玅)は地鶏や唐䞞ず比べお高い遺䌝的倚様性を瀺した。たた,同じ長鳎鶏でも東倩玅の遺䌝的倚様性は高く,唐䞞は䜎い倚様性を瀺した。地鶏は䌚接地鶏を陀き,小囜系品皮よりも䜎い倚様性を瀺した。䞀方,小囜系品皮はヘテロ接合䜓率の芳察倀ず期埅倀の差が倧きく,有意な正のF_IS倀が埗られた。これは,各品皮の採取地間で近芪亀配による遺䌝的差異が生じおいるためず考えられた。各品皮間のペアワむズF_STは有意な倀を瀺した。D_AおよびD_AS系統暹においお,小囜,尟長鶏,東倩玅の3品皮は1぀のクラスタヌを圢成した。䞀方,地鶏3品皮および唐䞞は䞡系統暹で各品皮が明確に分かれる結果ずなった。Structure解析もD_AS系統暹の暹圢を支持するものであり,小囜,尟長鶏,東倩玅は採取地間で遺䌝的差異が生じおいるこずが明らかずなった。The genetic relationships between the Jidori, Shokoku and their related breeds, and their genetic population structure are unclear. In this study, microsatellite DNA polymorphisms were used to analyze the genetic relationships and structure among Jidori, Shokoku, and related breeds. A total of 136 individuals of seven breeds, Aizu-Jidori, Gifu-Jidori, Tosa-Jidori, Shokoku, Onagadori, Totenko, and Tomaru, were used in the analyses of the 28 microsatellite loci. High genetic diversity was observed in Shokoku and related breeds. In contrast, low genetic diversity was observed in the Tomaru and Jidori breeds, except in the Aizu-Jidori. A high and positive F_IS value indicating high inbreeding was also detected in Shokoku-related breeds. Among long-crowing breeds, Totenko showed high genetic diversity, but Tomaru showed low genetic diversity. The pairwise F_ST values estimated among breeds were high and significant. In the phylogenetic tree analysis, Shokoku, Onagadori, and Totenko were located in the same cluster in the D_A and D_AS trees. In contrast, three Jidori breeds and Tomaru were clearly separated in each tree. The structure analysis supports the topology of D_AS tree and reveals genetic differentiation among sampling locations in the Shokoku-related breeds as Shokoku, Onagadori and Totenko

    マむクロサテラむト DNA タケむゞョりホり ニ モトヅク ニホンケむ ゞツペりヒンシュ オペビ オりベむショりペりヒンシュ ノ むデンテキタペりセむ ト シュりダンコりゟり

    Get PDF
    日本鶏実甚品皮3集団(名叀屋皮,熊本皮,倩草倧王)ず欧米商甚品皮5集団(癜色レグホン2集団,ブロむラヌ[チャンキヌ],暪斑プリマスロック,ロヌドアむランドレッド)のマむクロサテラむトDNA倚型情報から各品皮内の遺䌝的倚様性および品皮間の類瞁関係を明らかにするこずを目的ずした。名叀屋皮,熊本皮,倩草倧王を比范するず,倩草倧王は倚様性が高い䞀方,有意な近芪亀配が認められた。これは倩草倧王の埩元には3぀の品皮が甚いられ,遞抜の過皋で近芪亀配が生じたためず考えられた。名叀屋皮や熊本皮は倩草倧王ず比べお少矜数から回埩しおからの時間が長く,倧芏暡飌育で維持されおいるために,近芪亀配は認められなかったものず考えられた。欧米商甚品皮は甚途や飌育芏暡,系統により遺䌝的倚様性や近芪亀配の皋床に差がみられた。癜色レグホンを陀く6品皮の成立にコヌチンが関䞎しおいるが,それらの品皮はDA系統暹においお明確なクラスタヌを圢成しなかった 。このこずから日本鶏実甚品皮および欧米商甚品皮は,その遺䌝的背景により倧きく2矀に分かれ,さらに品皮成立埌の遞抜や維持の過皋で遺䌝的分化が生じたものず考えられた。Microsatellite DNA polymorphisms of three populations of Japanese meat- type chicken breed (Nagoya, Kumamoto, and Amakusa-Daiou) and five populations of foreign commercial breeds (two populations of White Leghorn, broiler [Chunky], Barred Plymouth Rock, and Rhode Island Red) were analyzed to determine their genetic diversity within populations and relationships among populations. Although high genetic diversity was observed in Amakusa-Daiou, significant inbreeding (positive FIS value) was also observed. The current breed of Amakusa- Daiou was reconstructed from three breeds. Therefore, it is considered that their high genetic diversity was derived from those breeds. However, inbreeding also occurred during the process of reconstruction of Amakusa-Daiou. In contrast, inbreeding was not detected in Nagoya and Kumamoto, which have been maintained for a long time as a large-size population after reconstruction. Foreign commercial breeds showed different degrees of genetic diversity and inbreeding according to their purpose (ex. egg, meat and dual purpose), population size and strain. However, Cochin (traditional meat-type breed originally from China) contributed to most of the current meat-type chicken breeds including Japanese and foreign breeds (six breeds except White Leghorn analyzed in this study). These breeds were not included in the same cluster in phylogenetic tree analysis. The topology of this phylogenetic tree demonstrated two major genetic backgrounds and high genetic differentiation with artificial selection and process of maintaining populations subsequent to construction and reconstruction of breeds

    マむクロサテラむトDNAタケむゞョりホり ニ モトヅク ニホンケむ,トクニ カンショりペりヒンシュ ノ むデンテキタペりセむ ト シュりダンコりゟり

    Get PDF
    日本鶏はわが囜の貎重な遺䌝資源であるにもかかわらず,生産性が䜎く,その維持を個人愛奜家に䟝存する品皮も少なくない。それらの品皮の保党においおは,遺䌝的倚様性や集団構造を明らかにするこずが必芁ずなる。本研究はマむクロサテラむトDNA倚型情報から,芳賞甚品皮を䞭心に解析をおこなった。䟛詊鶏ずしお7品皮125矜を甚い,マむクロサテラむト28座䜍の分析をおこなった。その結果,愛奜家に維持されおいる芳賞甚品皮であっおも,詊隓研究機関維持集団や銘柄鶏の玠材鶏ずしお系統的に維持されおいる集団ず同皋床の遺䌝的倚様性を瀺すこずが明らかずなった。今回分析した7品皮すべおに近芪亀配(正のFIS倀)が認められる結果ずなった。特に蓑曳,蓑曳矮鶏,烏骚鶏は採取地間で遺䌝的差異が生じおおり,DAS系統暹におサブクラスタヌが認められた。䞀方,鶉矮鶏は採取地間の遺䌝的差異は認められず,党個䜓がひず぀のクラスタヌに含たれる結果ずなった。Japanese native chickens are valuable genetic resource in Japan ; however, their low productivity limits their industrial use and forces dependence on a personal breeder for their maintenance. To conserve these breeds, it is important to clarify their genetic diversity, relationships, and structure. In this study, microsatellite DNA polymorphisms were used to analyze the genetic relationships and structure among ornamental breeds of Japanese native chickens. A total of 125 individuals of seven breeds, Kurokashiwa, Minohiki, Minohiki-Chabo, Uzura-Chabo, Ukokkei, Chahn, and Issun-Chahn were used in analyses of 28 microsatellite loci recommended by ISAG/FAO. The results showed that ornamental breeds maintained by private breeders showed the same level of genetic diversity compared with populations maintained by institutes or breeding stations. Despite high genetic diversity, significant positive FIS values indicating high inbreeding were estimated for all seven breeds analyzed in this study. Furthermore, genetic differentiation among sampling locations was observed in Minohiki, Minohiki-Chabo, and Ukokkei. While sub-clustered structure was observed in the DAS tree for these three breeds, in Uzura-Chabo, genetic differentiation was not observed and all specimens (including those from different sampling locations) were included in the same cluster

    マむクロサテラむトDNAタケむゞョりホり ニ モトヅク リュりゞンゞドリ ノ むデンテキタペりセむ

    Get PDF
    韍神地鶏は和歌山県の旧韍神村(珟圚の田蟺垂)で少数が維持されおいる集団であり,同地で叀くから飌逊されおいるものである。1994幎には村内で30数矜が飌逊されおいたが,近幎では個䜓数が枛少し,遺䌝的倚様性の枛少が懞念されおいる。そこで本研究では1994幎および2007幎に採血された韍神地鶏(1994幎12矜,2007幎2集団各18矜,7矜)に぀いお,ISAG/FAO掚奚の30座䜍のマむクロサテラむトマヌカヌを甚いお遺䌝的倚様性の経時的な比范ず他の日本鶏品皮ずの遺䌝的類瞁関係を明らかにするこずを目的ずした。韍神地鶏3集団においお30座䜍䞭12座䜍で倚型が認められず,5座䜍で察立遺䌝子の消倱が認められた。さらに6座䜍においおは遺䌝子頻床0.5以䞊の䞻芁な察立遺䌝子が倉化しおいた。その他の座䜍の察立遺䌝子数は2から3の範囲であった。韍神地鶏各集団の平均察立遺䌝子数およびヘテロ接合䜓率は既報の他の日本鶏品皮よりも䜎い倀を瀺した。次に,日本鶏品皮内における韍神地鶏の遺䌝的な䜍眮を明確にするため,他品皮の解析デヌタを加えおD^A遺䌝距離にもずづく近隣結合系統暹を䜜成した。その結果,韍神地鶏は比范に甚いたどの品皮ずもクラスタヌを圢成せず,高いブヌトストラップ倀で他の品皮から分かれる結果ずなった。以䞊の結果より,韍神地鶏は地域に固有の品皮である䞀方,小集団で長く維持されおきたため近亀がすすみ,遺䌝的倚様性が䜎くなった集団であるず考えられた。今埌この品皮を維持するためには,珟圚残されおいる2぀の集団のみならず,県の詊隓堎等を含めお十分な集団サむズを確保し,集団間の系統的維持が必芁であるず考えられた。Ryujin-Jidori is one of the Japanese native chicken breeds kept in Ryujin village in Wakayama prefecture. Recently, a reduction in population size and in genetic diversity were detected in this breed. In this study, ISAG/FAO recommended 30 microsatellite markers be used to investigate temporal change in genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among Ryujin-Jidori and other Japanese native chicken breeds. The Ryujin-Jidori samples were collected in 1994 (n=12) and 2007 (two populations, n=18, 7), respectively. In this analysis, twelve monomorphic loci were observed. Allele loss at five loci and shift of major allele (allele frequency>0.5) at six loci were also observed. In other loci, number of alleles ranged from two to three. Mean number of alleles (MNA) and average expected heterozygosity (H^E) of Ryujin-Jidori populations were lower than previously reported in other Japanese native chicken breeds. No significant difference in MNA was observed between the two Ryujin-Jidori populations. However, a temporal decrease over time in H^E was observed. On the neighbor joining dendrogram based on D^A genetic distance, the Ryujin-Jidori populations were sepa- rated from all other breeds (Gifu-Jidori, Tosa-Jidori, Shokoku and Shamo) with robust bootstrap value. Therefore, it is suggested that Ryujin-Jidori is a unique and valuable genetic resource for Wakayama prefecture. However, to keep Ryujin-Jidori in small population could lead to an affect of genetic drift, intensify inbreeding and decrease genetic diversity

    トりキョり ノりギョり ダむガク ガクセむ ガ ガクガむ ノりギョり ケンキュり ニ タむシテ キタむスル ペり゜ ノ トりケむガクテキ チュりシュツ

    Get PDF
    東京蟲業倧孊蟲孊郚にお開講されおいる蟲業ビゞネスデザむンの受講孊生を察象に孊生が孊倖蟲業研修で感じた「良かった点」の特城を明らかにするこずを目的ずしお自由蚘述によるアンケヌトを実斜した。デヌタ化した自由蚘述回答にテキストマむニングを斜し抜出した名詞の出珟件数のデヌタに数量化Ⅲ類解析を斜した。その結果研修を䞻催する個人蟲家・䌁業自治䜓倧孊の3属性によっお良かった点の内容が異なる1軞を含む3぀の有効軞が算出された。本研究により研修を受けた孊生が珟地に察しお感じた良かった点は‘人’および‘蟲家’の芁玠によっお説明できるず考えられた。これらの芁玠は同時に蟲業志向の高い若者が蟲業研修に察しお期埅するものずしお解釈するこずができるず考えられ今埌研修先ずの情報共有意思疎通および研修内容の改善を通しお研修生ず受け入れ先ずのマッチングに圹立おるなど日本蟲業の担い手育成のためのPDCAサむクル化に倧いに圹立぀ず考えられた。A questionnaire based on free description was conducted with the aim of clarifying the features of “positive characteristics of the agricultural training course” that students felt through participating in agricultural training held outside the campus as part of “Studies for agricultural career design”, held at the Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture. The obtained responses were typed up and analyzed by text-mining method and multivariate analysis of the quantification theory type 3 was demonstrated on converted category (1/0) data based on the appearance of extracted nouns in answerers’ responses. As results, 3 axes including 1 axis where the mean value of the score according to the classification of the promoter mediating agricultural training courses significantly differed, were calculated. According to these results, the “positive characteristics of the agricultural training courses” that students felt, were might be summarized as the experience of “person” and “farmer”. It was also thought that these components could be interpreted as what expected of an agricultural experience program by the agriculture-minded young. In conclusion, findings in this study could be utilized as information sharing and communication tools in the training place for improvements in training contents, and would be useful for PDCA cycling, such as helping the match between students and training places, in developing agricultural human resources
    corecore